Fluoxymesterone-induced gynaecomastia in a patient with childhood aplastic anaemia

• Published in: BMJ case reports 2015-05, Vol.2015, p.bcr2014207474
• Main Authors: Lo, Tom Edward Ngo, Andal, Zillien C, Lantion-Ang, Frances Lina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Anabolic Agents - administration & dosage; Anabolic Agents - adverse effects; Androgens; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic - blood; Anemia, Aplastic - drug therapy; Asia; Biopsy; Bone marrow; Breasts; Directive Counseling; Findings That Shed New Light on the Possible Pathogenesis of a Disease or an Adverse Effect; Fluoxymesterone - administration & dosage; Fluoxymesterone - adverse effects; Gynecomastia - chemically induced; Gynecomastia - psychology; Humans; Male; Other Asian; Physiology; Sexual Maturation; Surgery; Testosterone; Thyroid gland; Treatment Outcome; Tumors
• ISSN: 1757-790X; 1757-790X
• DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207474

Gynaecomastia is a benign condition characterised by enlargement of the male breast. Drug-induced gynaecomastia merits deep consideration as it may account for as many as 25% of all cases of gynaecomastia in adults. Although the mechanism is not fully clear, some mechanisms include oestrogen-like activities, stimulation of testicular production of oestrogens, inhibition of testosterone synthesis or blockade of androgen action. Anabolic steroids, in particular when used during the pubertal stage, may cause significant irreversible gynaecomastia. We report a case of 28-year-old Filipino man with persistent gynaecomastia from fluoxymesterone used for aplastic anaemia during his prepubertal stage. Hormonal work ups for gynaecomastia all turned out normal, thus isolating the drug as the cause. The patient was unable to undergo breast reconstruction surgery due to haematological contraindications, but eventually referred to psychiatry for counselling. This case will highlight the paradoxical effect of androgenic steroid used during childhood on male breast proliferation during puberty.