Polyuridylation in Eukaryotes: A 3′-End Modification Regulating RNA Life

In eukaryotes, mRNA polyadenylation is a well-known modification that is essential for many aspects of the protein-coding RNAs life cycle. However, modification of the 3′ terminal nucleotide within various RNA molecules is a general and conserved process that broadly modulates RNA function in all ki...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioMed research international 2015-01, Vol.2015 (2015), p.1-12
Main Authors: Thore, Stéphane, Coquille, Sandrine, Rajappa, Lional, Munoz-Tello, Paola
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
Biology
Colleges & universities
Cytoplasm
Editing
Enzymes
Eukaryota - genetics
Eukaryotes
Gene expression
Humans
Laboratories
Life Sciences
Mammals
Metabolism
MicroRNAs - genetics
Physiological aspects
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation - genetics
Review
RNA
RNA 3' End Processing - genetics
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional - genetics
RNA Stability - genetics
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
RNA, Transfer - genetics
RNA, Transfer - metabolism
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Summary:In eukaryotes, mRNA polyadenylation is a well-known modification that is essential for many aspects of the protein-coding RNAs life cycle. However, modification of the 3′ terminal nucleotide within various RNA molecules is a general and conserved process that broadly modulates RNA function in all kingdoms of life. Numerous types of modifications have been characterized, which are generally specific for a given type of RNA such as the CCA addition found in tRNAs. In recent years, the addition of nontemplated uridine nucleotides or uridylation has been shown to occur in various types of RNA molecules and in various cellular compartments with significantly different outcomes. Indeed, uridylation is able to alter RNA half-life both in positive and in negative ways, highlighting the importance of the enzymes in charge of performing this modification. The present review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on the various processes leading to RNA 3′-end uridylation and on their potential impacts in various diseases.
ISSN:2314-6133
2314-6141
DOI:10.1155/2015/968127