An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious disease of horses, and its management continues to be a challenge for veterinarians. The protozoan Sarcocystis neurona is most commonly associated with EPM. S. neurona has emerged as a common cause of mortality in marine mammals, especially sea o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary parasitology 2015-04, Vol.209 (1-2), p.1-42
Main Authors: Dubey, J.P., Howe, D.K., Furr, M., Saville, W.J., Marsh, A.E., Reed, S.M., Grigg, M.E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antiprotozoal Agents - therapeutic use
Encephalomyelitis - diagnosis
Encephalomyelitis - drug therapy
Encephalomyelitis - parasitology
Encephalomyelitis - pathology
Encephalomyelitis - veterinary
Epidemiology
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
Life cycle
Marine mammals
Prevention
Protozoan Infections, Animal - diagnosis
Protozoan Infections, Animal - drug therapy
Protozoan Infections, Animal - parasitology
Protozoan Infections, Animal - pathology
Sarcocystis - classification
Sarcocystis neurona
Sarcocystosis - diagnosis
Sarcocystosis - drug therapy
Sarcocystosis - pathology
Sarcocystosis - veterinary
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Summary:Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious disease of horses, and its management continues to be a challenge for veterinarians. The protozoan Sarcocystis neurona is most commonly associated with EPM. S. neurona has emerged as a common cause of mortality in marine mammals, especially sea otters (Enhydra lutris). EPM-like illness has also been recorded in several other mammals, including domestic dogs and cats. This paper updates S. neurona and EPM information from the last 15 years on the advances regarding life cycle, molecular biology, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and control.
ISSN:0304-4017
1873-2550
DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.01.026