Enzyme replacement for craniofacial skeletal defects and craniosynostosis in murine hypophosphatasia

• Published in: Bone (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2015-09, Vol.78, p.203-211
• Main Authors: Liu, Jin, Campbell, Cassie, Nam, Hwa Kyung, Caron, Alexandre, Yadav, Manisha C, Millán, José Luis, Hatch, Nan E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 3T3 Cells; Alkaline Phosphatase - genetics; Alkaline Phosphatase - therapeutic use; Animal models; Animals; Bone and Bones - pathology; Calcification, Physiologic; Cell Proliferation; Craniofacial; Craniofacial Abnormalities - genetics; Craniosynostoses - drug therapy; Craniosynostoses - physiopathology; Craniosynostosis; Crosses, Genetic; Disease Models, Animal; Disorders of calcium/phosphate; Enzyme Replacement Therapy; Enzyme Therapy; Hypophosphatasia - drug therapy; Hypophosphatasia - genetics; Hypophosphatasia - physiopathology; Immunoglobulin G - therapeutic use; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Micro computed tomography (micro CT, μCT); Mineralization; Orthopedics; Phosphates - chemistry; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - therapeutic use; X-Ray Microtomography
• ISSN: 8756-3282; 1873-2763
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.005

Abstract Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inborn-error-of-metabolism disorder characterized by deficient bone and tooth mineralization due to loss-of function mutations in the gene ( Alpl ) encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Alpl−/− mice exhibit many characteristics seen in infantile HPP including long bone and tooth defects, vitamin B6 responsive seizures and craniosynostosis. Previous reports demonstrated that a mineral-targeted form of TNAP rescues long bone, vertebral and tooth mineralization defects in Alpl−/− mice. Here we report that enzyme replacement with mineral-targeted TNAP (asfotase-alfa) also prevents craniosynostosis (the premature fusion of cranial bones) and additional craniofacial skeletal abnormalities in Alpl−/− mice. Craniosynostosis, cranial bone volume and density, and craniofacial shape abnormalities were assessed by microscopy, histology, digital caliper measurements and micro CT. We found that craniofacial shape defects, cranial bone mineralization and craniosynostosis were corrected in Alpl−/− mice injected daily subcutaneously starting at birth with recombinant enzyme. Analysis of Alpl−/− calvarial cells indicates that TNAP deficiency leads to aberrant osteoblastic gene expression and diminished proliferation. Some but not all of these cellular abnormalities were rescued by treatment with inorganic phosphate. These results confirm an essential role for TNAP in craniofacial skeletal development and demonstrate the efficacy of early postnatal mineral-targeted enzyme replacement for preventing craniofacial abnormalities including craniosynostosis in murine infantile HPP.