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Evaluation of anthelmintic potential of the Ethiopian medicinal plant Embelia schimperi Vatke in vivo and in vitro against some intestinal parasites
Embelia schimperi has been used for the treatment of intestinal parasites especially tapeworm infestations for centuries in Ethiopia. However, there is lack of scientific based evidences regarding the efficacy, safety and phytochemical analysis of this plant despite its frequent use as an anthelmint...
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Published in: | BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2015-06, Vol.15 (1), p.187, Article 187 |
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creator | Debebe, Yared Tefera, Mesfin Mekonnen, Walelign Abebe, Dawit Woldekidan, Samuel Abebe, Abiy Belete, Yehualashet Menberu, Temesgen Belayneh, Bethelhem Tesfaye, Berhanu Nasir, Ibrahim Yirsaw, Kidist Basha, Hirut Dawit, Asrat Debella, Asfaw |
description | Embelia schimperi has been used for the treatment of intestinal parasites especially tapeworm infestations for centuries in Ethiopia. However, there is lack of scientific based evidences regarding the efficacy, safety and phytochemical analysis of this plant despite its frequent use as an anthelmintic. This study has therefore evaluated the efficacy and acute toxicity of E. schimperi thereby generating relevant preclinical information.
The anthelmintic activities of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi and the isolated compound, embelin, were conducted using in vivo and in vitro models against the dwarf tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, and the hookworm, Necator americanus, respectively. LD50 of the crude hydroalcoholic extract was determined using Swiss albino mice following the OECD guidelines. Chemical characterization of the isolated embelin was conducted using UV-spectroscopy, HPLC and NMR.
In the acute toxicity study no prominent signs of toxicity and mortality were recorded among the experimental animals at the highest administered dose. Hence the LD50 of the plant was found to be higher than 5000 mg/kg. In vivo cestocidal activity of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi showed 100% parasite clearance at 1000 mg/kg, while the diammonium salt of embelin showed 85.3% parasite clearance at 750 mg/kg. The in vitro anthelminthic activity study revealed that the LC50 value of the crude extract and albendazole were 228.7 and 51.33 μg/mL, respectively.
The results clearly indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi and the diammonium salt of the isolated compound embelin had anthelmintic activity against hookworm larva in vitro and H. nana in vivo. Hence the findings of this study showed Embelia schimperi appears to possess some anthelmintic activity that may support the usage of these plants by local traditional healers to treat helminthic infestations. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s12906-015-0711-7 |
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The anthelmintic activities of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi and the isolated compound, embelin, were conducted using in vivo and in vitro models against the dwarf tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, and the hookworm, Necator americanus, respectively. LD50 of the crude hydroalcoholic extract was determined using Swiss albino mice following the OECD guidelines. Chemical characterization of the isolated embelin was conducted using UV-spectroscopy, HPLC and NMR.
In the acute toxicity study no prominent signs of toxicity and mortality were recorded among the experimental animals at the highest administered dose. Hence the LD50 of the plant was found to be higher than 5000 mg/kg. In vivo cestocidal activity of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi showed 100% parasite clearance at 1000 mg/kg, while the diammonium salt of embelin showed 85.3% parasite clearance at 750 mg/kg. The in vitro anthelminthic activity study revealed that the LC50 value of the crude extract and albendazole were 228.7 and 51.33 μg/mL, respectively.
The results clearly indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi and the diammonium salt of the isolated compound embelin had anthelmintic activity against hookworm larva in vitro and H. nana in vivo. Hence the findings of this study showed Embelia schimperi appears to possess some anthelmintic activity that may support the usage of these plants by local traditional healers to treat helminthic infestations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1472-6882</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1472-6882</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0711-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26084371</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animals ; Anthelmintics - chemistry ; Anthelmintics - pharmacology ; Embelia - chemistry ; Ethiopia ; Health aspects ; Hymenolepiasis - parasitology ; Hymenolepis nana - drug effects ; Medicinal plants ; Mice ; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Plant Extracts - chemistry ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal - chemistry</subject><ispartof>BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2015-06, Vol.15 (1), p.187, Article 187</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>Debebe et al. 2015</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c567t-ea68db1cda83cde0989f8ae90a92335d72c1427671f16433f5c191b4798093313</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c567t-ea68db1cda83cde0989f8ae90a92335d72c1427671f16433f5c191b4798093313</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4470045/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4470045/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26084371$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Debebe, Yared</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tefera, Mesfin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mekonnen, Walelign</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abebe, Dawit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woldekidan, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abebe, Abiy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belete, Yehualashet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menberu, Temesgen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belayneh, Bethelhem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tesfaye, Berhanu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nasir, Ibrahim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yirsaw, Kidist</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basha, Hirut</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dawit, Asrat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Debella, Asfaw</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of anthelmintic potential of the Ethiopian medicinal plant Embelia schimperi Vatke in vivo and in vitro against some intestinal parasites</title><title>BMC complementary and alternative medicine</title><addtitle>BMC Complement Altern Med</addtitle><description>Embelia schimperi has been used for the treatment of intestinal parasites especially tapeworm infestations for centuries in Ethiopia. However, there is lack of scientific based evidences regarding the efficacy, safety and phytochemical analysis of this plant despite its frequent use as an anthelmintic. This study has therefore evaluated the efficacy and acute toxicity of E. schimperi thereby generating relevant preclinical information.
The anthelmintic activities of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi and the isolated compound, embelin, were conducted using in vivo and in vitro models against the dwarf tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, and the hookworm, Necator americanus, respectively. LD50 of the crude hydroalcoholic extract was determined using Swiss albino mice following the OECD guidelines. Chemical characterization of the isolated embelin was conducted using UV-spectroscopy, HPLC and NMR.
In the acute toxicity study no prominent signs of toxicity and mortality were recorded among the experimental animals at the highest administered dose. Hence the LD50 of the plant was found to be higher than 5000 mg/kg. In vivo cestocidal activity of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi showed 100% parasite clearance at 1000 mg/kg, while the diammonium salt of embelin showed 85.3% parasite clearance at 750 mg/kg. The in vitro anthelminthic activity study revealed that the LC50 value of the crude extract and albendazole were 228.7 and 51.33 μg/mL, respectively.
The results clearly indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi and the diammonium salt of the isolated compound embelin had anthelmintic activity against hookworm larva in vitro and H. nana in vivo. Hence the findings of this study showed Embelia schimperi appears to possess some anthelmintic activity that may support the usage of these plants by local traditional healers to treat helminthic infestations.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anthelmintics - chemistry</subject><subject>Anthelmintics - pharmacology</subject><subject>Embelia - chemistry</subject><subject>Ethiopia</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hymenolepiasis - parasitology</subject><subject>Hymenolepis nana - drug effects</subject><subject>Medicinal plants</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Plants, Medicinal - chemistry</subject><issn>1472-6882</issn><issn>1472-6882</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNptUl2L1DAULaK4H_oDfJGA4FvX3CZt0hdhWcZVWPBFfQ130nR6NW1KkxnY_-EPNkN1mQHJQ-7HOYcccoriDfAbAN18iFC1vCk51CVXAKV6VlyCVFXZaF09P6kviqsYf3IOSoN8WVxUDddSKLgsfm8O6PeYKEws9AynNDg_0pTIsjkklwv0x02es00aKMyEExtdR5amvJp95rDNuHWekEU70Di7hdgPTL8co4kd6BCybrfWacnNDmmKicUwHhHJxbRK4YKRcvuqeNGjj-713_u6-P5p8-3uc_nw9f7L3e1DaetGpdJho7st2A61sJ3jrW57ja7l2FZC1J2qLMhKNQp6aKQQfW2hha1UreatECCui4-r7rzfZkc2u13Qm3mhEZdHE5DM-WaiwezCwUipOJd1Fni3CuzQO0NTHzLMjhStua0lSMlB84y6-Q8qn86NZMPkesrzM8L7E8Lg0KchBr8__lI8B8IKtEuIcXH909uBm2NEzBoRkyNijhExKnPenpp-YvzLhPgDShO49Q</recordid><startdate>20150618</startdate><enddate>20150618</enddate><creator>Debebe, Yared</creator><creator>Tefera, Mesfin</creator><creator>Mekonnen, Walelign</creator><creator>Abebe, Dawit</creator><creator>Woldekidan, Samuel</creator><creator>Abebe, Abiy</creator><creator>Belete, Yehualashet</creator><creator>Menberu, Temesgen</creator><creator>Belayneh, Bethelhem</creator><creator>Tesfaye, Berhanu</creator><creator>Nasir, Ibrahim</creator><creator>Yirsaw, Kidist</creator><creator>Basha, Hirut</creator><creator>Dawit, Asrat</creator><creator>Debella, Asfaw</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150618</creationdate><title>Evaluation of anthelmintic potential of the Ethiopian medicinal plant Embelia schimperi Vatke in vivo and in vitro against some intestinal parasites</title><author>Debebe, Yared ; Tefera, Mesfin ; Mekonnen, Walelign ; Abebe, Dawit ; Woldekidan, Samuel ; Abebe, Abiy ; Belete, Yehualashet ; Menberu, Temesgen ; Belayneh, Bethelhem ; Tesfaye, Berhanu ; Nasir, Ibrahim ; Yirsaw, Kidist ; Basha, Hirut ; Dawit, Asrat ; Debella, Asfaw</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c567t-ea68db1cda83cde0989f8ae90a92335d72c1427671f16433f5c191b4798093313</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anthelmintics - chemistry</topic><topic>Anthelmintics - pharmacology</topic><topic>Embelia - chemistry</topic><topic>Ethiopia</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Hymenolepiasis - parasitology</topic><topic>Hymenolepis nana - drug effects</topic><topic>Medicinal plants</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</topic><topic>Plants, Medicinal - chemistry</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Debebe, Yared</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tefera, Mesfin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mekonnen, Walelign</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abebe, Dawit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woldekidan, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abebe, Abiy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belete, Yehualashet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menberu, Temesgen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belayneh, Bethelhem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tesfaye, Berhanu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nasir, Ibrahim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yirsaw, Kidist</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basha, Hirut</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dawit, Asrat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Debella, Asfaw</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMC complementary and alternative medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Debebe, Yared</au><au>Tefera, Mesfin</au><au>Mekonnen, Walelign</au><au>Abebe, Dawit</au><au>Woldekidan, Samuel</au><au>Abebe, Abiy</au><au>Belete, Yehualashet</au><au>Menberu, Temesgen</au><au>Belayneh, Bethelhem</au><au>Tesfaye, Berhanu</au><au>Nasir, Ibrahim</au><au>Yirsaw, Kidist</au><au>Basha, Hirut</au><au>Dawit, Asrat</au><au>Debella, Asfaw</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of anthelmintic potential of the Ethiopian medicinal plant Embelia schimperi Vatke in vivo and in vitro against some intestinal parasites</atitle><jtitle>BMC complementary and alternative medicine</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Complement Altern Med</addtitle><date>2015-06-18</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>187</spage><pages>187-</pages><artnum>187</artnum><issn>1472-6882</issn><eissn>1472-6882</eissn><abstract>Embelia schimperi has been used for the treatment of intestinal parasites especially tapeworm infestations for centuries in Ethiopia. However, there is lack of scientific based evidences regarding the efficacy, safety and phytochemical analysis of this plant despite its frequent use as an anthelmintic. This study has therefore evaluated the efficacy and acute toxicity of E. schimperi thereby generating relevant preclinical information.
The anthelmintic activities of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi and the isolated compound, embelin, were conducted using in vivo and in vitro models against the dwarf tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, and the hookworm, Necator americanus, respectively. LD50 of the crude hydroalcoholic extract was determined using Swiss albino mice following the OECD guidelines. Chemical characterization of the isolated embelin was conducted using UV-spectroscopy, HPLC and NMR.
In the acute toxicity study no prominent signs of toxicity and mortality were recorded among the experimental animals at the highest administered dose. Hence the LD50 of the plant was found to be higher than 5000 mg/kg. In vivo cestocidal activity of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi showed 100% parasite clearance at 1000 mg/kg, while the diammonium salt of embelin showed 85.3% parasite clearance at 750 mg/kg. The in vitro anthelminthic activity study revealed that the LC50 value of the crude extract and albendazole were 228.7 and 51.33 μg/mL, respectively.
The results clearly indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi and the diammonium salt of the isolated compound embelin had anthelmintic activity against hookworm larva in vitro and H. nana in vivo. Hence the findings of this study showed Embelia schimperi appears to possess some anthelmintic activity that may support the usage of these plants by local traditional healers to treat helminthic infestations.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>26084371</pmid><doi>10.1186/s12906-015-0711-7</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Analysis Animals Anthelmintics - chemistry Anthelmintics - pharmacology Embelia - chemistry Ethiopia Health aspects Hymenolepiasis - parasitology Hymenolepis nana - drug effects Medicinal plants Mice Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant Extracts - pharmacology Plants, Medicinal - chemistry |
title | Evaluation of anthelmintic potential of the Ethiopian medicinal plant Embelia schimperi Vatke in vivo and in vitro against some intestinal parasites |
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