Loading…

Individual Monitoring of Vocal Effort with Relative Fundamental Frequency: Relationships with Aerodynamics and Listener Perception

Purpose: The acoustic measure relative fundamental frequency (RFF) was investigated as a potential objective measure to track variations in vocal effort within and across individuals. Method: Twelve speakers with healthy voices created purposeful modulations in their vocal effort during speech tasks...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of speech, language, and hearing research language, and hearing research, 2015-06, Vol.58 (3), p.566-575
Main Authors: Lien, Yu-An S, Michener, Carolyn M, Eadie, Tanya L, Stepp, Cara E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-dd3c19fdeff4d90bea7639d25ccf9685107140e7f4429d8b01cdc709bb83e3f73
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-dd3c19fdeff4d90bea7639d25ccf9685107140e7f4429d8b01cdc709bb83e3f73
container_end_page 575
container_issue 3
container_start_page 566
container_title Journal of speech, language, and hearing research
container_volume 58
creator Lien, Yu-An S
Michener, Carolyn M
Eadie, Tanya L
Stepp, Cara E
description Purpose: The acoustic measure relative fundamental frequency (RFF) was investigated as a potential objective measure to track variations in vocal effort within and across individuals. Method: Twelve speakers with healthy voices created purposeful modulations in their vocal effort during speech tasks. RFF and an aerodynamic measure of vocal effort, the ratio of sound pressure level to subglottal pressure level, were estimated from the aerodynamic and acoustic signals. Twelve listeners also judged the speech samples for vocal effort using the visual sort and rate method. Results: Relationships between RFF and both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort were weak across speakers (R[superscript 2] = 0.06-0.26). Within speakers, relationships were variable but much stronger on average (R[superscript 2] = 0.45-0.56). Conclusions: RFF showed stronger relationships between both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort when examined within individuals versus across individuals. Future work is necessary to establish these relationships in individuals with voice disorders across the therapeutic process.
doi_str_mv 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0194
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4490061</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A422328597</galeid><ericid>EJ1067893</ericid><sourcerecordid>A422328597</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-dd3c19fdeff4d90bea7639d25ccf9685107140e7f4429d8b01cdc709bb83e3f73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptklFv0zAQxyMEYmPwDQBFQkK8ZNiOncQ8IFVTyzYVgVbg1XLtc-sptYudFPWVT45DS7ei2Q-27n7_8935suwlRucYUfqeIMzE9Wx6eVPMCkwLhDl9lJ1ixpqCY0QepzvipKBl05xkz2K8RWlhWj3NTgiraoY4Os1-XzltN1b3ss0_e2c7H6xb5N7kP7xKtrExPnT5L9st8xtoZWc3kE96p-UKXJeASYCfPTi1_bD3exeXdh13khEEr7dOrqyKuXQ6n9rYgYOQf4WgYD3gz7MnRrYRXuzPs-z7ZPzt4rKYfvl0dTGaFopx2hValwpzo8EYqjmag6yrkmvClDK8ahhGNaYIakMp4bqZI6y0qhGfz5sSSlOXZ9nHXdx1P1-BVin_IFuxDnYlw1Z4acWxx9mlWPiNoJQjVOEU4N0-QPCp5tiJlY0K2lY68H0UuOKkZpQymtA3_6G3vg8ulTdQnJGKI3ZHLWQLwjrj07tqCCpGlJCSNIwPeRcPUIuhi7L1DoxN5iP-_AE-bQ3pGx4UvL0nWIJsu2X0bf_3L49BugNV8DEGMIfmYSSGoRR3QylmAlMxDGWSvb7f-IPo3xQm4NUOgGDVwT2-xqiqG16WfwB0duhZ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1699526905</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Individual Monitoring of Vocal Effort with Relative Fundamental Frequency: Relationships with Aerodynamics and Listener Perception</title><source>EBSCOhost MLA International Bibliography With Full Text</source><source>Education Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</source><source>Social Science Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</source><source>Linguistics Collection</source><source>ERIC</source><source>Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)</source><creator>Lien, Yu-An S ; Michener, Carolyn M ; Eadie, Tanya L ; Stepp, Cara E</creator><creatorcontrib>Lien, Yu-An S ; Michener, Carolyn M ; Eadie, Tanya L ; Stepp, Cara E</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose: The acoustic measure relative fundamental frequency (RFF) was investigated as a potential objective measure to track variations in vocal effort within and across individuals. Method: Twelve speakers with healthy voices created purposeful modulations in their vocal effort during speech tasks. RFF and an aerodynamic measure of vocal effort, the ratio of sound pressure level to subglottal pressure level, were estimated from the aerodynamic and acoustic signals. Twelve listeners also judged the speech samples for vocal effort using the visual sort and rate method. Results: Relationships between RFF and both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort were weak across speakers (R[superscript 2] = 0.06-0.26). Within speakers, relationships were variable but much stronger on average (R[superscript 2] = 0.45-0.56). Conclusions: RFF showed stronger relationships between both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort when examined within individuals versus across individuals. Future work is necessary to establish these relationships in individuals with voice disorders across the therapeutic process.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1092-4388</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-9102</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0194</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25675090</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)</publisher><subject>Acoustic phonetics ; Acoustics ; Acoustics research ; Agreements ; Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Listening ; Male ; Measurement ; Methods ; Musicians &amp; conductors ; Perception ; Phonemes ; Physical Exertion ; Quality ; Sound Spectrography ; Speech ; Speech Acoustics ; Speech disorders ; Speech Perception ; Speech production ; Speech Production Measurement ; Studies ; Voice ; Voice Disorders ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of speech, language, and hearing research, 2015-06, Vol.58 (3), p.566-575</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Jun 2015</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-dd3c19fdeff4d90bea7639d25ccf9685107140e7f4429d8b01cdc709bb83e3f73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-dd3c19fdeff4d90bea7639d25ccf9685107140e7f4429d8b01cdc709bb83e3f73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1699526905/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1699526905?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,12851,21378,21382,21394,27924,27925,31269,33611,33612,33877,33878,33911,33912,43733,43880,43896,74221,74397,74413</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1067893$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25675090$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lien, Yu-An S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michener, Carolyn M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eadie, Tanya L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stepp, Cara E</creatorcontrib><title>Individual Monitoring of Vocal Effort with Relative Fundamental Frequency: Relationships with Aerodynamics and Listener Perception</title><title>Journal of speech, language, and hearing research</title><addtitle>J Speech Lang Hear Res</addtitle><description>Purpose: The acoustic measure relative fundamental frequency (RFF) was investigated as a potential objective measure to track variations in vocal effort within and across individuals. Method: Twelve speakers with healthy voices created purposeful modulations in their vocal effort during speech tasks. RFF and an aerodynamic measure of vocal effort, the ratio of sound pressure level to subglottal pressure level, were estimated from the aerodynamic and acoustic signals. Twelve listeners also judged the speech samples for vocal effort using the visual sort and rate method. Results: Relationships between RFF and both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort were weak across speakers (R[superscript 2] = 0.06-0.26). Within speakers, relationships were variable but much stronger on average (R[superscript 2] = 0.45-0.56). Conclusions: RFF showed stronger relationships between both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort when examined within individuals versus across individuals. Future work is necessary to establish these relationships in individuals with voice disorders across the therapeutic process.</description><subject>Acoustic phonetics</subject><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>Acoustics research</subject><subject>Agreements</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Listening</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Musicians &amp; conductors</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Phonemes</subject><subject>Physical Exertion</subject><subject>Quality</subject><subject>Sound Spectrography</subject><subject>Speech</subject><subject>Speech Acoustics</subject><subject>Speech disorders</subject><subject>Speech Perception</subject><subject>Speech production</subject><subject>Speech Production Measurement</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Voice</subject><subject>Voice Disorders</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1092-4388</issn><issn>1558-9102</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7SW</sourceid><sourceid>7T9</sourceid><sourceid>ALSLI</sourceid><sourceid>CJNVE</sourceid><sourceid>CPGLG</sourceid><sourceid>M0P</sourceid><sourceid>M2R</sourceid><recordid>eNptklFv0zAQxyMEYmPwDQBFQkK8ZNiOncQ8IFVTyzYVgVbg1XLtc-sptYudFPWVT45DS7ei2Q-27n7_8935suwlRucYUfqeIMzE9Wx6eVPMCkwLhDl9lJ1ixpqCY0QepzvipKBl05xkz2K8RWlhWj3NTgiraoY4Os1-XzltN1b3ss0_e2c7H6xb5N7kP7xKtrExPnT5L9st8xtoZWc3kE96p-UKXJeASYCfPTi1_bD3exeXdh13khEEr7dOrqyKuXQ6n9rYgYOQf4WgYD3gz7MnRrYRXuzPs-z7ZPzt4rKYfvl0dTGaFopx2hValwpzo8EYqjmag6yrkmvClDK8ahhGNaYIakMp4bqZI6y0qhGfz5sSSlOXZ9nHXdx1P1-BVin_IFuxDnYlw1Z4acWxx9mlWPiNoJQjVOEU4N0-QPCp5tiJlY0K2lY68H0UuOKkZpQymtA3_6G3vg8ulTdQnJGKI3ZHLWQLwjrj07tqCCpGlJCSNIwPeRcPUIuhi7L1DoxN5iP-_AE-bQ3pGx4UvL0nWIJsu2X0bf_3L49BugNV8DEGMIfmYSSGoRR3QylmAlMxDGWSvb7f-IPo3xQm4NUOgGDVwT2-xqiqG16WfwB0duhZ</recordid><startdate>201506</startdate><enddate>201506</enddate><creator>Lien, Yu-An S</creator><creator>Michener, Carolyn M</creator><creator>Eadie, Tanya L</creator><creator>Stepp, Cara E</creator><general>American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)</general><general>American Speech-Language-Hearing Association</general><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88B</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>8A4</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CJNVE</scope><scope>CPGLG</scope><scope>CRLPW</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0P</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEDU</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201506</creationdate><title>Individual Monitoring of Vocal Effort with Relative Fundamental Frequency: Relationships with Aerodynamics and Listener Perception</title><author>Lien, Yu-An S ; Michener, Carolyn M ; Eadie, Tanya L ; Stepp, Cara E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-dd3c19fdeff4d90bea7639d25ccf9685107140e7f4429d8b01cdc709bb83e3f73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Acoustic phonetics</topic><topic>Acoustics</topic><topic>Acoustics research</topic><topic>Agreements</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Listening</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Measurement</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Musicians &amp; conductors</topic><topic>Perception</topic><topic>Phonemes</topic><topic>Physical Exertion</topic><topic>Quality</topic><topic>Sound Spectrography</topic><topic>Speech</topic><topic>Speech Acoustics</topic><topic>Speech disorders</topic><topic>Speech Perception</topic><topic>Speech production</topic><topic>Speech Production Measurement</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Voice</topic><topic>Voice Disorders</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lien, Yu-An S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michener, Carolyn M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eadie, Tanya L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stepp, Cara E</creatorcontrib><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Ovid)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>ERIC( SilverPlatter )</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Education Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Social Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Education Periodicals</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Education Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Linguistics Collection</collection><collection>Linguistics Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Education Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>ProQuest research library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Social Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Education</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of speech, language, and hearing research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lien, Yu-An S</au><au>Michener, Carolyn M</au><au>Eadie, Tanya L</au><au>Stepp, Cara E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ1067893</ericid><atitle>Individual Monitoring of Vocal Effort with Relative Fundamental Frequency: Relationships with Aerodynamics and Listener Perception</atitle><jtitle>Journal of speech, language, and hearing research</jtitle><addtitle>J Speech Lang Hear Res</addtitle><date>2015-06</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>566</spage><epage>575</epage><pages>566-575</pages><issn>1092-4388</issn><eissn>1558-9102</eissn><abstract>Purpose: The acoustic measure relative fundamental frequency (RFF) was investigated as a potential objective measure to track variations in vocal effort within and across individuals. Method: Twelve speakers with healthy voices created purposeful modulations in their vocal effort during speech tasks. RFF and an aerodynamic measure of vocal effort, the ratio of sound pressure level to subglottal pressure level, were estimated from the aerodynamic and acoustic signals. Twelve listeners also judged the speech samples for vocal effort using the visual sort and rate method. Results: Relationships between RFF and both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort were weak across speakers (R[superscript 2] = 0.06-0.26). Within speakers, relationships were variable but much stronger on average (R[superscript 2] = 0.45-0.56). Conclusions: RFF showed stronger relationships between both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort when examined within individuals versus across individuals. Future work is necessary to establish these relationships in individuals with voice disorders across the therapeutic process.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)</pub><pmid>25675090</pmid><doi>10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0194</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1092-4388
ispartof Journal of speech, language, and hearing research, 2015-06, Vol.58 (3), p.566-575
issn 1092-4388
1558-9102
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4490061
source EBSCOhost MLA International Bibliography With Full Text; Education Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3); Social Science Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3); Linguistics Collection; ERIC; Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)
subjects Acoustic phonetics
Acoustics
Acoustics research
Agreements
Behavior
Female
Humans
Listening
Male
Measurement
Methods
Musicians & conductors
Perception
Phonemes
Physical Exertion
Quality
Sound Spectrography
Speech
Speech Acoustics
Speech disorders
Speech Perception
Speech production
Speech Production Measurement
Studies
Voice
Voice Disorders
Young Adult
title Individual Monitoring of Vocal Effort with Relative Fundamental Frequency: Relationships with Aerodynamics and Listener Perception
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-27T15%3A03%3A36IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Individual%20Monitoring%20of%20Vocal%20Effort%20with%20Relative%20Fundamental%20Frequency:%20Relationships%20with%20Aerodynamics%20and%20Listener%20Perception&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20speech,%20language,%20and%20hearing%20research&rft.au=Lien,%20Yu-An%20S&rft.date=2015-06&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=566&rft.epage=575&rft.pages=566-575&rft.issn=1092-4388&rft.eissn=1558-9102&rft_id=info:doi/10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0194&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA422328597%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-dd3c19fdeff4d90bea7639d25ccf9685107140e7f4429d8b01cdc709bb83e3f73%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1699526905&rft_id=info:pmid/25675090&rft_galeid=A422328597&rft_ericid=EJ1067893&rfr_iscdi=true