How the Innate Immune System Senses Trouble and Causes Trouble

The innate immune system is the first line of defense in response to nonself and danger signals from microbial invasion or tissue injury. It is increasingly recognized that each organ uses unique sets of cells and molecules that orchestrate regional innate immunity. The cells that execute the task o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2015-08, Vol.10 (8), p.1459-1469
Main Authors: Hato, Takashi, Dagher, Pierre C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Epithelial Cells - immunology
Epithelial Cells - metabolism
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Immune System - immunology
Immune System - metabolism
Immune System - physiopathology
Immunity, Innate
Kidney - immunology
Kidney - metabolism
Kidney - physiopathology
Kidney Diseases - immunology
Kidney Diseases - metabolism
Kidney Diseases - physiopathology
Renal Immunology
Signal Transduction
Toll-Like Receptors - immunology
Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism
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Summary:The innate immune system is the first line of defense in response to nonself and danger signals from microbial invasion or tissue injury. It is increasingly recognized that each organ uses unique sets of cells and molecules that orchestrate regional innate immunity. The cells that execute the task of innate immunity are many and consist of not only "professional" immune cells but also nonimmune cells, such as renal epithelial cells. Despite a high level of sophistication, deregulated innate immunity is common and contributes to a wide range of renal diseases, such as sepsis-induced kidney injury, GN, and allograft dysfunction. This review discusses how the innate immune system recognizes and responds to nonself and danger signals. In particular, the roles of renal epithelial cells that make them an integral part of the innate immune apparatus of the kidney are highlighted.
ISSN:1555-9041
1555-905X
DOI:10.2215/cjn.04680514