Mechanisms of action of therapeutic antibodies for cancer

The therapeutic utility of antibodies and their derivatives is achieved by various means. The FDA has approved several targeted antibodies that disrupt signaling of various growth factor receptors for the treatment of a number of cancers. Rituximab, and other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are acti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular immunology 2015-10, Vol.67 (2), p.28-45
Main Authors: Redman, J.M., Hill, E.M., AlDeghaither, D., Weiner, L.M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology
Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use
Antigens, CD20 - immunology
Antigens, CD20 - metabolism
CTLA-4 Antigen - immunology
CTLA-4 Antigen - metabolism
Humans
Immunoconjugates
Immunotherapy - methods
Immunotherapy - trends
Immunotoxins
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - metabolism
Neoplasms - therapy
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - immunology
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism
Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor - immunology
Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor - metabolism
Receptor, ErbB-2 - immunology
Receptor, ErbB-2 - metabolism
Treatment Outcome
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Summary:The therapeutic utility of antibodies and their derivatives is achieved by various means. The FDA has approved several targeted antibodies that disrupt signaling of various growth factor receptors for the treatment of a number of cancers. Rituximab, and other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are active in B cell malignancies. As more experience has been gained with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, the multifactorial nature of their anti-tumor mechanisms has emerged. Other targeted antibodies function to dampen inhibitory checkpoints. These checkpoint inhibitors have recently achieved dramatic results in several cancers, including melanoma. These and related antibodies continue to be investigated in the clinical and pre-clinical settings. Novel antibody structures that target two or more antigens have also made their way into clinical use. Tumor targeted antibodies can also be conjugated to chemo- or radiotherapeutic agents, or catalytic toxins, as a means to deliver toxic payloads to cancer cells. Here we provide a review of these mechanisms and a discussion of their relevance to current and future clinical applications.
ISSN:0161-5890
1872-9142
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2015.04.002