Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Structural and Functional Effects on the Vascular Wall

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Increasing evidence demonstrating a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA on arterial wall properties is progressively emerging. We reviewed the recent available evidence for the cardiovascular...

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Published in:BioMed research international 2015-01, Vol.2015 (2015), p.1-14
Main Authors: Carretta, Renzo, Cattin, Luigi, Mearelli, Filippo, Panizon, Emiliano, Losurdo, Pasquale, Grillo, Andrea, Zanetti, Michela, Barazzoni, Rocco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aorta - metabolism
Aorta - pathology
Arteries - metabolism
Arteries - pathology
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Cardiovascular Diseases - pathology
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism
Health aspects
Hemodynamics
Humans
Kinases
Mortality
Nitric oxide
Omega-3 fatty acids
Review
Risk Factors
Structure
Studies
Vascular Stiffness
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Summary:Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Increasing evidence demonstrating a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA on arterial wall properties is progressively emerging. We reviewed the recent available evidence for the cardiovascular effects of n-3 PUFA focusing on structural and functional properties of the vascular wall. In experimental studies and clinical trials n-3 PUFA have shown the ability to improve arterial hemodynamics by reducing arterial stiffness, thus explaining some of its cardioprotective properties. Recent studies suggest beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on endothelial activation, which are likely to improve vascular function. Several molecular, cellular, and physiological pathways influenced by n-3 PUFA can affect arterial wall properties and therefore interfere with the atherosclerotic process. Although the relative weight of different physiological and molecular mechanisms and the dose-response on arterial wall properties have yet to be determined, n-3 PUFA have the potential to beneficially impact arterial wall remodeling and cardiovascular outcomes by targeting arterial wall stiffening and endothelial dysfunction.
ISSN:2314-6133
2314-6141
DOI:10.1155/2015/791978