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Occupational exposures and lung cancer risk among Minnesota taconite mining workers
ObjectiveTo examine the association between employment duration, elongate mineral particle (EMP) exposure, silica exposure and the risk of lung cancer in the taconite mining industry.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study of lung cancer within a cohort of Minnesota taconite iron mining work...
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Published in: | Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England) England), 2015-09, Vol.72 (9), p.633-639 |
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creator | Allen, Elizabeth M Alexander, Bruce H MacLehose, Richard F Nelson, Heather H Ryan, Andrew D Ramachandran, Gurumurthy Mandel, Jeffrey H |
description | ObjectiveTo examine the association between employment duration, elongate mineral particle (EMP) exposure, silica exposure and the risk of lung cancer in the taconite mining industry.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study of lung cancer within a cohort of Minnesota taconite iron mining workers employed by any of the mining companies in operation in 1983. Lung cancer cases were identified by vital records and cancer registry data through 2010. Two age-matched controls were selected from risk sets of cohort members alive and lung cancer free at the time of case diagnosis. Calendar time-specific exposure estimates were made for every job and were used to estimate workers’ cumulative exposures. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using conditional logistic regression. We evaluated total lung cancer risk and risk of histological subtype by total work duration and by cumulative EMP, and silica exposure by quartile of the exposure distribution.ResultsA total of 1706 cases and 3381 controls were included in the analysis. After adjusting for work in haematite mining, asbestos exposure and sex, the OR for total duration of employment was 0.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.01). The ORs for quartile 4 versus 1 of EMP and silica exposure were 0.82 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.19) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.35), respectively. The risk of each histological subtype of lung cancer did not change with increasing exposure.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the estimated taconite mining exposures do not increase the risk of developing lung cancer. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1136/oemed-2015-102825 |
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Lung cancer cases were identified by vital records and cancer registry data through 2010. Two age-matched controls were selected from risk sets of cohort members alive and lung cancer free at the time of case diagnosis. Calendar time-specific exposure estimates were made for every job and were used to estimate workers’ cumulative exposures. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using conditional logistic regression. We evaluated total lung cancer risk and risk of histological subtype by total work duration and by cumulative EMP, and silica exposure by quartile of the exposure distribution.ResultsA total of 1706 cases and 3381 controls were included in the analysis. After adjusting for work in haematite mining, asbestos exposure and sex, the OR for total duration of employment was 0.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.01). The ORs for quartile 4 versus 1 of EMP and silica exposure were 0.82 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.19) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.35), respectively. The risk of each histological subtype of lung cancer did not change with increasing exposure.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the estimated taconite mining exposures do not increase the risk of developing lung cancer.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1351-0711</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1470-7926</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-102825</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25977445</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Air Pollutants, Occupational - adverse effects ; Asbestos ; Asbestos - adverse effects ; Cancer ; Case-Control Studies ; Employment ; Estimates ; Exposure ; Health risks ; Humans ; Iron - adverse effects ; Logistic Models ; Lung cancer ; Lung Neoplasms - etiology ; Lungs ; Mining ; Minnesota ; Occupational Diseases - etiology ; Occupational Exposure - adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure - analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Risk ; Risk Factors ; Silica ; Silicates - adverse effects ; Silicon dioxide ; Silicon Dioxide - adverse effects ; Taconite ; Workplace</subject><ispartof>Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England), 2015-09, Vol.72 (9), p.633-639</ispartof><rights>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions</rights><rights>2015 BMJ Publishing Group</rights><rights>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</rights><rights>Copyright: 2015 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b622t-2a62c0d556359b407344982d7f0f2844e1045049425007baf406830748ae08fa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b622t-2a62c0d556359b407344982d7f0f2844e1045049425007baf406830748ae08fa3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://oem.bmj.com/content/72/9/633.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://oem.bmj.com/content/72/9/633.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,230,314,780,784,885,3194,23569,27922,27923,58236,58469,77370,77401</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977445$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Allen, Elizabeth M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexander, Bruce H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacLehose, Richard F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nelson, Heather H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryan, Andrew D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramachandran, Gurumurthy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mandel, Jeffrey H</creatorcontrib><title>Occupational exposures and lung cancer risk among Minnesota taconite mining workers</title><title>Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England)</title><addtitle>Occup Environ Med</addtitle><description>ObjectiveTo examine the association between employment duration, elongate mineral particle (EMP) exposure, silica exposure and the risk of lung cancer in the taconite mining industry.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study of lung cancer within a cohort of Minnesota taconite iron mining workers employed by any of the mining companies in operation in 1983. Lung cancer cases were identified by vital records and cancer registry data through 2010. Two age-matched controls were selected from risk sets of cohort members alive and lung cancer free at the time of case diagnosis. Calendar time-specific exposure estimates were made for every job and were used to estimate workers’ cumulative exposures. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using conditional logistic regression. We evaluated total lung cancer risk and risk of histological subtype by total work duration and by cumulative EMP, and silica exposure by quartile of the exposure distribution.ResultsA total of 1706 cases and 3381 controls were included in the analysis. After adjusting for work in haematite mining, asbestos exposure and sex, the OR for total duration of employment was 0.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.01). The ORs for quartile 4 versus 1 of EMP and silica exposure were 0.82 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.19) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.35), respectively. The risk of each histological subtype of lung cancer did not change with increasing exposure.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the estimated taconite mining exposures do not increase the risk of developing lung cancer.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Air Pollutants, Occupational - adverse effects</subject><subject>Asbestos</subject><subject>Asbestos - adverse effects</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Employment</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Iron - adverse effects</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Lung cancer</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - etiology</subject><subject>Lungs</subject><subject>Mining</subject><subject>Minnesota</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - analysis</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Silica</subject><subject>Silicates - adverse effects</subject><subject>Silicon dioxide</subject><subject>Silicon Dioxide - adverse effects</subject><subject>Taconite</subject><subject>Workplace</subject><issn>1351-0711</issn><issn>1470-7926</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkk9vFSEUxYnR2Fr9AC40k7hx4egFLgOzaWIa_zSp6UJdE4bHVF5n4AkzrX57Gad9UTd1BeH87gHuPYQ8pfCaUt68iW50m5oBFTUFppi4Rw4pSqhly5r7Zc8FrUFSekAe5bwFoFxy9pAcMNFKiSgOyedza-edmXwMZqjcj13Mc3K5MmFTDXO4qKwJ1qUq-XxZmTGWk08-BJfjZKrJ2Bj85KrRB1-U65guXcqPyYPeDNk9uVmPyNf3776cfKzPzj-cnrw9q7uGsalmpmEWNkI0XLQdguSIrWIb2UPPFKKjgAKwRSYAZGd6hEZxkKiMA9UbfkSOV9_d3JVGWBemZAa9S3406aeOxuu_leC_6Yt4pVFwqZgsBi9vDFL8Prs86dFn64bBBBfnrGkLyGgjBN6NKlCNagU0d6MSkCOTbHF98Q-6jXMqk1goRTlFIZdn0pWyKeacXL__IgW9BEH_DoJegqDXIJSa53_2Zl9xO_kCPFuBbZ5i2uvIlQQOUPRXq96N2_-47xepO8VQ</recordid><startdate>20150901</startdate><enddate>20150901</enddate><creator>Allen, Elizabeth M</creator><creator>Alexander, Bruce H</creator><creator>MacLehose, Richard F</creator><creator>Nelson, Heather H</creator><creator>Ryan, Andrew D</creator><creator>Ramachandran, Gurumurthy</creator><creator>Mandel, Jeffrey H</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150901</creationdate><title>Occupational exposures and lung cancer risk among Minnesota taconite mining workers</title><author>Allen, Elizabeth M ; Alexander, Bruce H ; MacLehose, Richard F ; Nelson, Heather H ; Ryan, Andrew D ; Ramachandran, Gurumurthy ; Mandel, Jeffrey H</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b622t-2a62c0d556359b407344982d7f0f2844e1045049425007baf406830748ae08fa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Air Pollutants, Occupational - adverse effects</topic><topic>Asbestos</topic><topic>Asbestos - adverse effects</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Employment</topic><topic>Estimates</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Iron - adverse effects</topic><topic>Logistic Models</topic><topic>Lung cancer</topic><topic>Lung Neoplasms - etiology</topic><topic>Lungs</topic><topic>Mining</topic><topic>Minnesota</topic><topic>Occupational Diseases - etiology</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - analysis</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Silica</topic><topic>Silicates - adverse effects</topic><topic>Silicon dioxide</topic><topic>Silicon Dioxide - adverse effects</topic><topic>Taconite</topic><topic>Workplace</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Allen, Elizabeth M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexander, Bruce H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacLehose, Richard F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nelson, Heather H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryan, Andrew D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramachandran, Gurumurthy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mandel, Jeffrey H</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Allen, Elizabeth M</au><au>Alexander, Bruce H</au><au>MacLehose, Richard F</au><au>Nelson, Heather H</au><au>Ryan, Andrew D</au><au>Ramachandran, Gurumurthy</au><au>Mandel, Jeffrey H</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Occupational exposures and lung cancer risk among Minnesota taconite mining workers</atitle><jtitle>Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England)</jtitle><addtitle>Occup Environ Med</addtitle><date>2015-09-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>72</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>633</spage><epage>639</epage><pages>633-639</pages><issn>1351-0711</issn><eissn>1470-7926</eissn><abstract>ObjectiveTo examine the association between employment duration, elongate mineral particle (EMP) exposure, silica exposure and the risk of lung cancer in the taconite mining industry.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study of lung cancer within a cohort of Minnesota taconite iron mining workers employed by any of the mining companies in operation in 1983. Lung cancer cases were identified by vital records and cancer registry data through 2010. Two age-matched controls were selected from risk sets of cohort members alive and lung cancer free at the time of case diagnosis. Calendar time-specific exposure estimates were made for every job and were used to estimate workers’ cumulative exposures. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using conditional logistic regression. We evaluated total lung cancer risk and risk of histological subtype by total work duration and by cumulative EMP, and silica exposure by quartile of the exposure distribution.ResultsA total of 1706 cases and 3381 controls were included in the analysis. After adjusting for work in haematite mining, asbestos exposure and sex, the OR for total duration of employment was 0.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.01). The ORs for quartile 4 versus 1 of EMP and silica exposure were 0.82 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.19) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.35), respectively. The risk of each histological subtype of lung cancer did not change with increasing exposure.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the estimated taconite mining exposures do not increase the risk of developing lung cancer.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group</pub><pmid>25977445</pmid><doi>10.1136/oemed-2015-102825</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over Air Pollutants, Occupational - adverse effects Asbestos Asbestos - adverse effects Cancer Case-Control Studies Employment Estimates Exposure Health risks Humans Iron - adverse effects Logistic Models Lung cancer Lung Neoplasms - etiology Lungs Mining Minnesota Occupational Diseases - etiology Occupational Exposure - adverse effects Occupational Exposure - analysis Odds Ratio Risk Risk Factors Silica Silicates - adverse effects Silicon dioxide Silicon Dioxide - adverse effects Taconite Workplace |
title | Occupational exposures and lung cancer risk among Minnesota taconite mining workers |
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