Study of Cytotoxic Effects of Benzonitrile Pesticides

The benzonitrile herbicides bromoxynil, chloroxynil, dichlobenil, and ioxynil have been used actively worldwide to control weeds in agriculture since 1970s. Even though dichlobenil is prohibited in EU since 2008, studies addressing the fate of benzonitrile herbicides in the environment show that som...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioMed research international 2015-01, Vol.2015 (2015), p.1-9
Main Authors: Ruml, T., Demnerova, Katerina, Stiborova, Hana, Knejzlik, Zdenek, Lipov, Jan, Grznarova, Petra, Thimova, Marketa, Lovecká, Petra, Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Algae
Biodegradation
Biomedical research
Cell Membrane - drug effects
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
Cell Survival - drug effects
Cytotoxicity
Health aspects
HEK293 Cells
Hep G2 Cells
Herbicides
Herbicides - toxicity
Humans
Kidney - drug effects
Liver - drug effects
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microorganisms
Nitriles - toxicity
Toxicity
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Summary:The benzonitrile herbicides bromoxynil, chloroxynil, dichlobenil, and ioxynil have been used actively worldwide to control weeds in agriculture since 1970s. Even though dichlobenil is prohibited in EU since 2008, studies addressing the fate of benzonitrile herbicides in the environment show that some metabolites of these herbicides are very persistent. We tested the cytotoxic effects of benzonitrile herbicides and their microbial metabolites using two human cell lines, Hep G2 and HEK293T, representing liver and kidneys as potential target organs in humans. The cell viability and proliferation were determined by MTT test and RTCA DP Analyzer system, respectively. The latter allows real-time monitoring of the effect of added substances. As the cytotoxic compounds could compromise cell membrane integrity, the lactate dehydrogenase test was performed as well. We observed high toxic effects of bromoxynil, chloroxynil, and ioxynil on both tested cell lines. In contrast, we determined only low inhibition of cell growth in presence of dichlobenil and microbial metabolites originating from the tested herbicides.
ISSN:2314-6133
2314-6141
DOI:10.1155/2015/381264