The neurovascular unit, matrix proteases, and innate inflammation

In the central nervous system, microvessel–neuron interactions appear highly coordinated. The rapid simultaneous responses of the microvasculature, neurons, and glia to focal ischemia in experimental ischemic stroke suggest that these responses could be viewed in a unitary fashion, rather than as in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2010-10, Vol.1207 (1), p.46-49
Main Author: del Zoppo, Gregory J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Brain Ischemia - enzymology
Brain Ischemia - immunology
Central nervous system
Central Nervous System - blood supply
Central Nervous System - enzymology
Central Nervous System - immunology
Humans
Immunity, Innate
inflammation
Inflammation - enzymology
Inflammation - immunology
Integrity
Ischemia
ischemic stroke
Laminates
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 - metabolism
Matrix metalloproteinases
matrix proteins
Models, Neurological
Neurons
neurovascular unit
Protease
Stroke
Stroke - enzymology
Stroke - immunology
Strokes
Transformations
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Summary:In the central nervous system, microvessel–neuron interactions appear highly coordinated. The rapid simultaneous responses of the microvasculature, neurons, and glia to focal ischemia in experimental ischemic stroke suggest that these responses could be viewed in a unitary fashion, rather than as individual components. The “neurovascular unit” consists of microvessels (endothelial cells–basal lamina matrix–astrocyte end‐feet [and pericytes]), astrocytes, neurons and their axons, and other supporting cells that are likely to modulate the function of the “unit.” Each cell component generates an inflammatory response to ischemia. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 was first associated with hemorrhagic transformation following focal ischemia in an experimental model. A series of studies of ischemic stroke patients also suggests a relationship between MMP‐9 levels and several consequences of ischemic injury, including hemorrhagic transformation. Recent experimental work suggests specific cell sources for MMP‐9 generation and for matrix proteases from four distinct families that could impact neurovascular unit integrity.
ISSN:0077-8923
1749-6632
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05760.x