Failure of Intraoperative Red Cell Salvage: A Patient with Sickle Cell Disease and HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets) Syndrome

• Published in: The Journal of extra-corporeal technology 2014-12, Vol.46 (4), p.314-316
• Main Authors: Schott, Nicholas J, Yazer, Mark H, Krohner, Robert, Waters, Jonathan H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anemia, Sickle Cell - therapy; Case Reports; Cesarean Section - methods; Erythrocyte Transfusion - methods; Female; Health technology assessment; HELLP Syndrome - blood; HELLP Syndrome - therapy; Humans; Operative Blood Salvage - methods; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic - blood; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic - therapy
• ISSN: 0022-1058; 2969-8960
• DOI: 10.1051/ject/201446314

Cell salvage is a process whereby the bloodshed from the operative field is collected and returned to the patient. It can be especially useful when allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) units are not readily available such as when the recipient has multiple alloantibodies. We report on the anesthesia and transfusion strategies for managing a pregnant patient with sickle cell disease (SCD) with HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets) syndrome. A pregnant patient with twins at 30 weeks of gestation was admitted in an SCD crisis. She subsequently developed HELLP syndrome and required urgent cesarean delivery; however, she had multiple RBC antibodies complicating the immediate provision of cross-matched RBC units. Cell salvage was used to capture the blood shed during her procedure while the blood bank was searching for compatible RBCs units. Despite multiple interventions designed to optimize the cell salvage procedure for the unique challenges of a patient with SCD, the salvaged RBCs hemolyzed and could not be reinfused. Cell salvage in an obstetric patient with SCD in an acute crisis and super-imposed HELLP was unable to recover intact and useable RBCs. Further studies into methods of optimizing the procedure for use in this context are warranted. Close communication between the clinical teams treating the patient and the transfusion service is required so that the RBC transfusion requirements can be anticipated; this is especially important when the patient has multiple antibodies.