Relation of Combined Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B With Atherosclerosis in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

• Published in: The American journal of cardiology 2015-10, Vol.116 (7), p.1057-1062
• Main Authors: Bjornstad, Petter, MD, Eckel, Robert H., MD, Pyle, Laura, PhD, Rewers, Marian, MD, PhD, Maahs, David M., MD, PhD, Snell-Bergeon, Janet K., PhD, MPH
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Agreements; Apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins B - blood; Atherosclerosis; Atherosclerosis - blood; Atherosclerosis - complications; Biomarkers - blood; Blood pressure; Body Mass Index; Calcification; Calcinosis - diagnosis; Calcinosis - epidemiology; Calcinosis - etiology; Cardiovascular; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Colorado - epidemiology; Coronary Artery Disease - blood; Coronary Artery Disease - complications; Coronary vessels; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gender; Humans; Incidence; Lipids; Logistics; Low density lipoprotein; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Triglycerides; Variables; Veins & arteries; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0002-9149; 1879-1913
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.07.020

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) are cardiovascular disease risk markers, although data in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) are limited. We hypothesized that elevated apoB and non-HDL-C would be associated with greater odds of coronary artery calcification progression (CACp), a measure of coronary atherosclerosis, than either category alone in adults with type 1 DM. We grouped subjects with type 1 DM (n = 652) into 4 groups: elevated apoB (≥90 mg/dl) and elevated non-HDL-C (≥130 mg/dl), elevated non-HDL-C alone, elevated apoB alone, and normal apoB and non-HDL-C. We used logistic regression to examine the associations between the groups and CACp for a period of 6 years. We performed sensitivity analyses with elevated apoB and non-HDL-C redefined as at or more than the cohort means (91.4 and 119.0 mg/dl, respectively). Subjects with elevated apoB and non-HDL-C had greater odds of CACp compared with those with normal apoB and non-HDL-C (odds ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 3.15) and compared with subjects with elevated apoB alone (odds ratio 2.86, 95% confidence interval 1.43 to 5.74) adjusting for age, gender, duration, hemoglobin A1c, and statins. Similar results were obtained with elevated apoB and non-HDL-C defined as at or more than the cohort means. In conclusion, elevated apoB and non-HDL-C carry a greater risk of atherosclerosis than elevated apoB in the absence of elevated non-HDL-C in adults with type 1 DM. These data suggest that apoB and non-HDL-C should be viewed as complementary rather than competitive indexes of cardiovascular disease risk in type 1 DM.