Role and Importance of IGF-1 in Traumatic Brain Injuries

It is increasingly affirmed that most of the long-term consequences of TBI are due to molecular and cellular changes occurring during the acute phase of the injury and which may, afterwards, persist or progress. Understanding how to prevent secondary damage and improve outcome in trauma patients, ha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioMed research international 2015-01, Vol.2015 (2015), p.1-12
Main Authors: Marziali, Giammaria, De Bonis, Pasquale, Anile, Carmelo, Vigo, Vera, Mangiola, Annunziato, Lofrese, Giorgio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Animals
Biomarkers
Brain
Brain damage
Brain Injuries - metabolism
Brain research
Coma
Cytokines
Drugs
Gene expression
Gene therapy
Health aspects
Hormone replacement therapy
Humans
Injuries
Insulin
Insulin-like growth factor 1
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism
Insulin-like growth factors
Kinases
Medical imaging
Medical prognosis
Metabolites
Mice
Mortality
Nervous system
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Peptides
Proteins
Rats
Review
Tomography
Traumatic brain injury
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Summary:It is increasingly affirmed that most of the long-term consequences of TBI are due to molecular and cellular changes occurring during the acute phase of the injury and which may, afterwards, persist or progress. Understanding how to prevent secondary damage and improve outcome in trauma patients, has been always a target of scientific interest. Plans of studies focused their attention on the posttraumatic neuroendocrine dysfunction in order to achieve a correlation between hormone blood level and TBI outcomes. The somatotropic axis (GH and IGF-1) seems to be the most affected, with different alterations between the acute and late phases. IGF-1 plays an important role in brain growth and development, and it is related to repair responses to damage for both the central and peripheral nervous system. The IGF-1 blood levels result prone to decrease during both the early and late phases after TBI. Despite this, experimental studies on animals have shown that the CNS responds to the injury upregulating the expression of IGF-1; thus it appears to be related to the secondary mechanisms of response to posttraumatic damage. We review the mechanisms involving IGF-1 in TBI, analyzing how its expression and metabolism may affect prognosis and outcome in head trauma patients.
ISSN:2314-6133
2314-6141
DOI:10.1155/2015/736104