The Effect of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Learning and Memory Functions in the Rat Model

Tobacco smoking is a global health hazard that kills about 5 million people annually. Waterpipe smoking is among the most popular methods of tobacco consumption worldwide. In this study, we investigated whether waterpipe smoking impairs learning and memory in the hippocampus, a question of special c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of molecular neuroscience 2015-10, Vol.57 (2), p.249-256
Main Authors: Alzoubi, Karem. H., Khabour, Omar. F., Alharahshah, Eman A., Alhashimi, Farah H., Shihadeh, Alan, Eissenberg, Thomas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Carbon monoxide
Cell Biology
Cognitive ability
Hippocampus - drug effects
Hippocampus - metabolism
Hippocampus - physiology
Male
Memory
Memory, Long-Term
Memory, Short-Term
Neurochemistry
Neurology
Neurosciences
Nicotine
Oxidative Stress
Pharmacy
Proteomics
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Science
Smoking
Smoking - adverse effects
Spatial Learning
Tobacco smoke
Tobacco Smoke Pollution - adverse effects
University students
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Summary:Tobacco smoking is a global health hazard that kills about 5 million people annually. Waterpipe smoking is among the most popular methods of tobacco consumption worldwide. In this study, we investigated whether waterpipe smoking impairs learning and memory in the hippocampus, a question of special concern due to the particular popularity of waterpipe use among youth. Additionally, possible molecular targets for expected learning and memory impairment were determined. In this study, rats were exposed to waterpipe smoke (WTS) by whole body exposure 1 h × 5 days/week, for 1 month, and outcomes were compared to a control group exposed only to fresh air. Outcomes included spatial learning and memory using the radial arm water maze (RAWM) and oxidative stress biomarkers (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio). We found that WTS exposure led to impaired short- and long-term memory. This impairment was accompanied by reduced hippocampal activity of catalase, SOD, GPx, GSH, and GSH/GSSG, elevated GSSG, thus marked changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. In conclusion, there is reason for concern that WTS exposure may impair cognitive ability.
ISSN:0895-8696
1559-1166
DOI:10.1007/s12031-015-0613-7