Regulation of autophagy by amino acids and MTOR-dependent signal transduction

Amino acids not only participate in intermediary metabolism but also stimulate insulin-mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR)-mediated signal transduction which controls the major metabolic pathways. Among these is the pathway of autophagy which takes care of the degradation of long-lived proteins a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Amino acids 2015-10, Vol.47 (10), p.2037-2063
Main Authors: Meijer, Alfred J, Lorin, Séverine, Blommaart, Edward F, Codogno, Patrice
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Amino Acids - metabolism
Analytical Chemistry
Animals
Autophagy
Biochemical Engineering
biochemical pathways
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
cell viability
Control
etiology
Humans
Life Sciences
Metabolism
Neurobiology
Organelles
Pathology
Pathways
proteins
Proteomics
Redundant
Review
Review Article
Signal Transduction
Stimulation
Survival
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
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Summary:Amino acids not only participate in intermediary metabolism but also stimulate insulin-mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR)-mediated signal transduction which controls the major metabolic pathways. Among these is the pathway of autophagy which takes care of the degradation of long-lived proteins and of the elimination of damaged or functionally redundant organelles. Proper functioning of this process is essential for cell survival. Dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in the etiology of several pathologies. The history of the studies on the interrelationship between amino acids, MTOR signaling and autophagy is the subject of this review. The mechanisms responsible for the stimulation of MTOR-mediated signaling, and the inhibition of autophagy, by amino acids have been studied intensively in the past but are still not completely clarified. Recent developments in this field are discussed.
ISSN:0939-4451
1438-2199
1438-2199
DOI:10.1007/s00726-014-1765-4