Effect of barrier microbes on organ-based inflammation

The prevalence and incidence of chronic inflammatory disorders, including allergies and asthma, as well as inflammatory bowel disease, remain on the increase. Microbes are among the environmental factors that play an important role in shaping normal and pathologic immune responses. Several concepts...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2013-06, Vol.131 (6), p.1465-1478
Main Authors: Garn, Holger, PhD, Neves, Joana F., PhD, Blumberg, Richard S., MD, Renz, Harald, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
allergy
Allergy and Immunology
Animals
asthma
Biodiversity
Biological and medical sciences
Chronic inflammation
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma
dysbiosis
Food allergies
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Fundamental immunology
Gastrointestinal Tract - immunology
Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology
Humans
Hygiene Hypothesis
Hypersensitivity - immunology
Hypersensitivity - microbiology
Immune system
Immunopathology
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - microbiology
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - immunology
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - microbiology
Medical sciences
Metagenome
microbiome
microbiota hypothesis
Pneumology
Rodents
Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis
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Summary:The prevalence and incidence of chronic inflammatory disorders, including allergies and asthma, as well as inflammatory bowel disease, remain on the increase. Microbes are among the environmental factors that play an important role in shaping normal and pathologic immune responses. Several concepts have been put forward to explain the effect of microbes on the development of these conditions, including the hygiene hypothesis and the microbiota hypothesis. Recently, the dynamics of the development of (intestinal) microbial colonization, its effect on innate and adaptive immune responses (homeostasis), and the role of environmental factors, such as nutrition and others, have been extensively investigated. Furthermore, there is now increasing evidence that a qualitative and quantitative disturbance in colonization (dysbiosis) is associated with dysfunction of immune responses and development of various chronic inflammatory disorders. In this article the recent epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental evidence for this interaction is discussed.
ISSN:0091-6749
1097-6825
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.031