Host Response to the Lung Microbiome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The relatively sparse but diverse microbiome in human lungs may become less diverse in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This article examines the relationship of this microbiome to emphysematous tissue destruction, number of terminal bronchioles, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and hos...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2015-08, Vol.192 (4), p.438-445
Main Authors: Sze, Marc A, Dimitriu, Pedro A, Suzuki, Masaru, McDonough, John E, Campbell, Josh D, Brothers, John F, Erb-Downward, John R, Huffnagle, Gary B, Hayashi, Shizu, Elliott, W Mark, Cooper, Joel, Sin, Don D, Lenburg, Marc E, Spira, Avrum, Mohn, William W, Hogg, James C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bronchioles - pathology
Case-Control Studies
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Female
Humans
Male
Microbiota
Middle Aged
Neutrophil Infiltration
Original
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - immunology
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - microbiology
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - pathology
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Summary:The relatively sparse but diverse microbiome in human lungs may become less diverse in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This article examines the relationship of this microbiome to emphysematous tissue destruction, number of terminal bronchioles, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and host gene expression. Culture-independent pyrosequencing microbiome analysis was used to examine the V3-V5 regions of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA in 40 samples of lung from 5 patients with COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage 4) and 28 samples from 4 donors (controls). A second protocol based on the V1-V3 regions was used to verify the bacterial microbiome results. Within lung tissue samples the microbiome was compared with results of micro-computed tomography, infiltrating inflammatory cells measured by quantitative histology, and host gene expression. Ten operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was found sufficient to discriminate between control and GOLD stage 4 lung tissue, which included known pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae. We also observed a decline in microbial diversity that was associated with emphysematous destruction, remodeling of the bronchiolar and alveolar tissue, and the infiltration of the tissue by CD4(+) T cells. Specific OTUs were also associated with neutrophils, eosinophils, and B-cell infiltration (P 
ISSN:1073-449X
1535-4970
DOI:10.1164/rccm.201502-0223oc