Neuroprotection and immunomodulation by xenografted human mesenchymal stem cells following spinal cord ventral root avulsion

• Published in: Scientific reports 2015-11, Vol.5 (1), p.16167-16167, Article 16167
• Main Authors: Ribeiro, Thiago B., Duarte, Adriana S. S., Longhini, Ana Leda F., Pradella, Fernando, Farias, Alessandro S., Luzo, Angela C. M., Oliveira, Alexandre L. R., Olalla Saad, Sara Teresinha
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 13; 14; 38; 59; 692/308; 692/308/2171; Adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue - cytology; Adipose Tissue - transplantation; Animals; Astrocytes; Bone marrow; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; Heterografts; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Lesions; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism; Mesenchyme; Microglia; Motor Neurons - pathology; Motor task performance; multidisciplinary; Nerve endings; Nerve Regeneration; Nervous system; Neuroprotection; Neurotrophic factors; Radiculopathy - immunology; Radiculopathy - metabolism; Radiculopathy - pathology; Radiculopathy - therapy; Rats; Rodents; Science; Skin & tissue grafts; Spinal cord; Spinal Cord - physiopathology; Spinal Cord - transplantation; Spinal Nerve Roots - physiopathology; Stem cells; Surgery; Survival; Synapses - immunology; Synapses - metabolism; Synapses - pathology; Synaptophysin - metabolism; T-Lymphocytes - immunology; Xenografts
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/srep16167

The present study investigates the effects of xenotransplantation of Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AT-MSCs) in animals after ventral root avulsion. AT-MSC has similar characteristics to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), such as immunomodulatory properties and expression of neurotrophic factors. In this study, Lewis rats were submitted to surgery for unilateral avulsion of the lumbar ventral roots and received 5 × 10 5 AT-MSCs via the lateral funiculus. Two weeks after cell administration, the animals were sacrificed and the moto neurons, T lymphocytes and cell defense nervous system were analyzed. An increased neuronal survival and partial preservation of synaptophysin-positive nerve terminals, related to GDNF and BDNF expression of AT-MSCs and reduction of pro-inflammatory reaction were observed. In conclusion, AT-MSCs prevent second phase neuronal injury, since they suppressed lymphocyte, astroglia and microglia effects, which finally contributed to rat motor-neuron survival and synaptic stability of the lesioned motor-neuron. Moreover, the survival of the injected AT- MSCs lasted for at least 14 days. These results indicate that neuronal survival after lesion, followed by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration, might occur through cytokine release and immunomodulation, thus suggesting that AT-MSCs are promising cells for the therapy of neuronal lesions.