Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Offenders Following Arrest or Incarceration

We sought to estimate rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among criminal offenders in the 1 year after arrest or release from incarceration. We performed a retrospective cohort study of risk of having a positive STI (chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis) or incident-positive HIV test in the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of public health (1971) 2015-12, Vol.105 (12), p.e26-e32
Main Authors: Wiehe, Sarah E, Rosenman, Marc B, Aalsma, Matthew C, Scanlon, Michael L, Fortenberry, J Dennis
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Arrests
Child
Chlamydia
Chlamydia Infections - epidemiology
Cohort analysis
Crime - statistics & numerical data
Criminals
Epidemiology
Ethnicity
Female
Gender
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea - epidemiology
HIV
HIV Infections - epidemiology
HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Imprisonment
Indiana - epidemiology
Infections
Male
Medical tests
Middle Aged
Minors
Prisoners - statistics & numerical data
Prisons
Public health
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Screening
Sex Factors
Sexual Health
Sexually transmitted diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases - epidemiology
STD
Studies
Syphilis
Syphilis - epidemiology
Urban Health
Young Adult
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Summary:We sought to estimate rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among criminal offenders in the 1 year after arrest or release from incarceration. We performed a retrospective cohort study of risk of having a positive STI (chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis) or incident-positive HIV test in the 1 year following arrest or incarceration in Marion County (Indianapolis), Indiana. Participants were 247,211 individuals with arrest or incarceration in jail, prison, or juvenile detention between 2003 and 2008. Test positivity rates (per 100,000 and per year) were highest for chlamydia (2968) and gonorrhea (2305), and lower for syphilis (278) and HIV (61). Rates of positive STI and HIV were between 1.5 and 2.8 times higher in female than male participants and between 2.7 and 6.9 times higher for Blacks than Whites. Compared with nonoffenders, offenders had a relative risk of 3.9 for chlamydia, 6.6 for gonorrhea, 3.6 for syphilis, and 4.6 for HIV. The 1-year period following arrest or release from incarceration represents a high-impact opportunity to reduce STI and HIV infection rates at a population level.
ISSN:0090-0036
1541-0048
DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302852