Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

• Published in: Nutrients 2015-11, Vol.7 (11), p.9369-9382
• Main Authors: Shin, Dayeon, Lee, Kyung Won, Song, Won O
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: added sugars; Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; blood glucose; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Body Mass Index; C-reactive protein; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; cheeses; Cohort analysis; confidence interval; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes, Gestational; Diet; diet recall; dietary fiber; Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage; educational status; Energy Intake; Ethnicity; Exercise; fasting; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - administration & dosage; Female; Food; food groups; Fruit; Fruit juices; fruits; Gestational diabetes; Glucose; healthy diet; Humans; income; Logistic Models; Marital status; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Mental Recall; milk; monounsaturated fatty acids; Motor Activity; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; nationalities and ethnic groups; Nutrients; Nutrition Assessment; Nutrition research; Nutrition Surveys; nuts; odds ratio; oils; Oils & fats; organ meats; pathophysiology; physical activity; poverty; Pregnancy; pregnant women; Principal components analysis; refined grains; regression analysis; Risk Factors; saturated fatty acids; Seafood; seafoods; seeds; Socioeconomic Factors; soybeans; United States; USDA Food Patterns Equivalents Database; Vegetables; Weight Gain; Womens health; Young Adult
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu7115472

Maternal dietary patterns before and during pregnancy play important roles in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy that are associated with GDM risk in pregnant U.S. women. From a 24 h dietary recall of 253 pregnant women (16-41 years) included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2012, food items were aggregated into 28 food groups based on Food Patterns Equivalents Database. Three dietary patterns were identified by reduced rank regression with responses including prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), dietary fiber, and ratio of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acid: "high refined grains, fats, oils and fruit juice", "high nuts, seeds, fat and soybean; low milk and cheese", and "high added sugar and organ meats; low fruits, vegetables and seafood". GDM was diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose levels ≥5.1 mmol/L for gestation