Hypo- and Hyperglycemic Alarms: Devices and Algorithms

Soon after the discovery that insulin regulates blood glucose by Banting and Best in 1922, the symptoms and risks associated with hypoglycemia became widely recognized. This article reviews devices to warn individuals of impending hypo- and hyperglycemia; biosignals used by these devices include ele...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2015-04, Vol.9 (5), p.1126-1137
Main Authors: Howsmon, Daniel, Bequette, B. Wayne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Blood Glucose - analysis
Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - instrumentation
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood
Humans
Hyperglycemia - blood
Hyperglycemia - diagnosis
Hypoglycemia - blood
Hypoglycemia - diagnosis
Monitoring, Ambulatory - methods
Review
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Summary:Soon after the discovery that insulin regulates blood glucose by Banting and Best in 1922, the symptoms and risks associated with hypoglycemia became widely recognized. This article reviews devices to warn individuals of impending hypo- and hyperglycemia; biosignals used by these devices include electroencephalography, electrocardiography, skin galvanic resistance, diabetes alert dogs, and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs). While systems based on other technology are increasing in performance and decreasing in size, CGM technology remains the best method for both reactive and predictive alarming of hypo- or hyperglycemia.
ISSN:1932-2968
1932-2968
1932-3107
DOI:10.1177/1932296815583507