Occupational Lead Exposure and Associations with Selected Cancers: The Shanghai Men's and Women's Health Study Cohorts

Epidemiologic studies of occupational lead exposure have suggested increased risks of cancers of the stomach, lung, kidney, brain, and meninges; however, the totality of the evidence is inconsistent. We investigated the relationship between occupational lead exposure and cancer incidence at the five...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental health perspectives 2016-01, Vol.124 (1), p.97-103
Main Authors: Liao, Linda M, Friesen, Melissa C, Xiang, Yong-Bing, Cai, Hui, Koh, Dong-Hee, Ji, Bu-Tian, Yang, Gong, Li, Hong-Lan, Locke, Sarah J, Rothman, Nathaniel, Zheng, Wei, Gao, Yu-Tang, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Purdue, Mark P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Archives & records
Batteries
Brain cancer
Cancer
Carcinogens
China - epidemiology
Codes
Cohort analysis
Confidence Intervals
Developing countries
Dust
Environmental aspects
Estimates
Exposure
Female
Health aspects
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Humans
Industrialized nations
Kidneys
LDCs
Lead - toxicity
Lead in the body
Lead poisoning
Male
Meningioma - epidemiology
Middle Aged
Occupational exposure
Occupational Exposure - adverse effects
Occupations
Population
Proportional Hazards Models
Prospective Studies
Response rates
Statistical models
Womens health
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Summary:Epidemiologic studies of occupational lead exposure have suggested increased risks of cancers of the stomach, lung, kidney, brain, and meninges; however, the totality of the evidence is inconsistent. We investigated the relationship between occupational lead exposure and cancer incidence at the five abovementioned sites in two prospective cohorts in Shanghai, China. Annual job/industry-specific estimates of lead fume and lead dust exposure, derived from a statistical model combining expert lead intensity ratings with inspection measurements, were applied to the lifetime work histories of participants from the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS; n = 73,363) and the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS; n = 61,379) to estimate cumulative exposure to lead fume and lead dust. These metrics were then combined into an overall occupational lead exposure variable. Cohort-specific relative hazard rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing exposed and unexposed participants were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression and combined by meta-analysis. The proportions of SWHS and SMHS participants with estimated occupational lead exposure were 8.9% and 6.9%, respectively. Lead exposure was positively associated with meningioma risk in women only (n = 38 unexposed and 9 exposed cases; RR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1, 5.0), particularly with above-median cumulative exposure (RR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3, 7.4). However, all 12 meningioma cases among men were classified as unexposed to lead. We also observed non-significant associations with lead exposure for cancers of the kidney (n = 157 unexposed and 17 ever exposed cases; RR = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.9, 2.3) and brain (n = 67 unexposed and 10 ever exposed cases; RR = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.7, 4.8) overall. Our findings, though limited by small numbers of cases, suggest that lead is associated with the risk of several cancers in women and men. Liao LM, Friesen MC, Xiang YB, Cai H, Koh DH, Ji BT, Yang G, Li HL, Locke SJ, Rothman N, Zheng W, Gao YT, Shu XO, Purdue MP. 2016. Occupational lead exposure and associations with selected cancers: the Shanghai Men's and Women's Health Study cohorts. Environ Health Perspect 124:97-103; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408171.
ISSN:0091-6765
1552-9924
DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408171