Modeling mania in preclinical settings: A comprehensive review

The current pathophysiological understanding of mechanisms leading to onset and progression of bipolar manic episodes remains limited. At the same time, available animal models for mania have limited face, construct, and predictive validities. Additionally, these models fail to encompass recent path...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 2016-04, Vol.66, p.22-34
Main Authors: Sharma, Ajaykumar N., Fries, Gabriel R., Galvez, Juan F., Valvassori, Samira S., Soares, Jair C., Carvalho, André F., Quevedo, Joao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal models
Animals
Bipolar Disorder - physiopathology
Brain - physiopathology
Disease Models, Animal
Disease Progression
Gene Expression
Mania
Mood disorders
Neuroprogression
Preclinical models
Psychiatry
Treatment-resistance
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Summary:The current pathophysiological understanding of mechanisms leading to onset and progression of bipolar manic episodes remains limited. At the same time, available animal models for mania have limited face, construct, and predictive validities. Additionally, these models fail to encompass recent pathophysiological frameworks of bipolar disorder (BD), e.g. neuroprogression. Therefore, there is a need to search for novel preclinical models for mania that could comprehensively address these limitations. Herein we review the history, validity, and caveats of currently available animal models for mania. We also review new genetic models for mania, namely knockout mice for genes involved in neurotransmission, synapse formation, and intracellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, we review recent trends in preclinical models for mania that may aid in the comprehension of mechanisms underlying the neuroprogressive and recurring nature of BD. In conclusion, the validity of animal models for mania remains limited. Nevertheless, novel (e.g. genetic) animal models as well as adaptation of existing paradigms hold promise. •The pathophysiology of bipolar mania remains incompletely elucidated.•Recently, new animal models for mania have been proposed.•Herein, we review the validity of these models.•Validity parameters of rodent models for mania are limited.•Novel genetic models and adaptation of existing paradigms hold promise for modeling mania in animals.
ISSN:0278-5846
1878-4216
1878-4216
DOI:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.11.001