Inactivated poliovirus type 2 vaccine delivered to rat skin via high density microprojection array elicits potent neutralising antibody responses

• Published in: Scientific reports 2016-02, Vol.6 (1), p.22094-22094, Article 22094
• Main Authors: Muller, David A., Pearson, Frances E., Fernando, Germain J.P., Agyei-Yeboah, Christiana, Owens, Nick S., Corrie, Simon R., Crichton, Michael L., Wei, Jonathan C.J., Weldon, William C., Oberste, M. Steven, Young, Paul R., Kendall, Mark A. F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 13/106; 631/326/590/1883; 631/326/596; 82/51; Animal vaccines; Animals; Antibodies; Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology; Antibodies, Viral - immunology; Antibody Formation - drug effects; Female; Humanities and Social Sciences; Immunization; Immunogenicity; Medical personnel; multidisciplinary; Outbreaks; Poliovirus - immunology; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated - immunology; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated - pharmacology; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Risk reduction; Science; Skin; Vaccination; Vaccination - instrumentation; Vaccination - methods; Vaccines
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/srep22094

Polio eradication is progressing rapidly and the live attenuated Sabin strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) are being removed sequentially, starting with type 2 in April 2016. For risk mitigation, countries are introducing inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) into routine vaccination programs. After April 2016, monovalent type 2 OPV will be available for type 2 outbreak control. Because the current IPV is not suitable for house-to-house vaccination campaigns (the intramuscular injections require health professionals), we developed a high-density microprojection array, the Nanopatch, delivered monovalent type 2 IPV (IPV2) vaccine to the skin. To assess the immunogenicity of the Nanopatch, we performed a dose-matched study in rats, comparing the immunogenicity of IPV2 delivered by intramuscular injection or Nanopatch immunisation. A single dose of 0.2 D-antigen units of IPV2 elicited protective levels of poliovirus antibodies in 100% of animals. However, animals receiving IPV2 by IM required at least 3 immunisations to reach the same neutralising antibody titres. This level of dose reduction (1/40th of a full dose) is unprecedented for poliovirus vaccine delivery. The ease of administration coupled with the dose reduction observed in this study points to the Nanopatch as a potential tool for facilitating inexpensive IPV for mass vaccination campaigns.