Acute stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells with cigarette smoke extract affects their migration, differentiation and paracrine potential

• Published in: Scientific reports 2016-03, Vol.6 (1), p.22957, Article 22957
• Main Authors: Wahl, Elizabeth A., Schenck, Thilo L., Machens, Hans-Günther, Egaña, J. Tomás
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 13/100; 13/106; 14/34; 14/63; 38/77; 631/532/1360; 631/532/2074; 631/532/489; 631/80/84/2338; 692/308/2171; 82/79; 82/80; Adipogenesis - drug effects; Adipogenesis - genetics; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell differentiation; Cell Differentiation - genetics; Cell Differentiation - physiology; Cell Movement - genetics; Cell Movement - physiology; Cells, Cultured; Chondrogenesis - drug effects; Chondrogenesis - genetics; Cigarettes; Culture Media - pharmacology; Cytokines - metabolism; Gene Expression - drug effects; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Immunology; Lethal effects; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - physiology; Mesenchyme; multidisciplinary; Nicotiana - chemistry; Osteogenesis - drug effects; Osteogenesis - genetics; Paracrine Communication - genetics; Paracrine Communication - physiology; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Science; Smoke; Smoking - adverse effects; Stem cells; Time Factors; Tobacco smoke
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/srep22957

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to play a key role in tissue regeneration, while smoking cigarettes is described to impair it. This work focuses on the effect cigarette smoke extract (CSE) has on the migration, differentiation and paracrine potential of human adipose derived MSCs (AdMSCs). To mimic native conditions in vitro, AdMSCs were cultured in either monolayer or three-dimensional pellet cultures. While constant exposure to high concentrations of CSE had lethal effects on AdMSCs, lower concentrations of CSE impaired cell migration when compared to control conditions. The secretion of key interleukins was downregulated when CSE was exposed to the cells at low concentrations. Moreover, in this work AdMSCs were exposed to CSE while simultaneously being induced to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes to determine the effect of CSE on the cells potential to differentiate. While adipogenic differentiation showed no significant variation, AdMSCs exposed to osteogenic and chondrogenic supplements showed both early and late genetic level variation when acutely exposed to low concentrations of CSE. Our results indicate that even a small amount of cigarette smoke can have detrimental effects on the regenerative potential of MSCs.