Glomerular diseases and cancer: evaluation of underlying malignancy

Onconephrology is an emerging medical subspecialty focused on the numerous interconnections between cancer and kidney diseases. Patient with malignancies commonly experience kidney problems including acute kidney injury, tumor lysis syndrome, fluid and electrolyte disorders and chronic kidney diseas...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of nephrology 2016-04, Vol.29 (2), p.143-152
Main Authors: Pani, Antonello, Porta, Camillo, Cosmai, Laura, Melis, Patrizia, Floris, Matteo, Piras, Doloretta, Gallieni, Maurizio, Rosner, Mitchell, Ponticelli, Claudio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antineoplastic Agents - adverse effects
Glomerulonephritis - diagnosis
Glomerulonephritis - drug therapy
Glomerulonephritis - epidemiology
Glomerulonephritis - immunology
Humans
Immunocompromised Host
Immunosuppressive Agents - adverse effects
Medical Oncology
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neoplasms - chemically induced
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - immunology
Nephrology
Paraneoplastic Syndromes - diagnosis
Paraneoplastic Syndromes - epidemiology
Paraneoplastic Syndromes - therapy
Review
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Urology
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Summary:Onconephrology is an emerging medical subspecialty focused on the numerous interconnections between cancer and kidney diseases. Patient with malignancies commonly experience kidney problems including acute kidney injury, tumor lysis syndrome, fluid and electrolyte disorders and chronic kidney disease, often as a consequence of the anti-cancer treatment. Conversely, a number of glomerulopathies, tubulopathies and vascular renal diseases can early signal the presence of an underlying cancer. Furthermore, the administration of immunosuppressive drugs, especially cytotoxic drugs and calcineurin inhibitors, may strongly impair the immune response increasing the risk of cancer. The objective of this review article is to: (i) discuss paraneoplastic glomerular disease, (ii) review cancer as an adverse effect of immunosuppressive agents used to treat glomerulopathies, and (iii) in the absence of international approved guidelines, propose a screening program based on expert opinion aimed at guiding nephrologists to early detect malignancies during their clinical practice.
ISSN:1121-8428
1724-6059
DOI:10.1007/s40620-015-0234-9