Role of TET enzymes in DNA methylation, development, and cancer

The pattern of DNA methylation at cytosine bases in the genome is tightly linked to gene expression, and DNA methylation abnormalities are often observed in diseases. The ten eleven translocation (TET) enzymes oxidize 5-methylcytosines (5mCs) and promote locus-specific reversal of DNA methylation. T...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genes & development 2016-04, Vol.30 (7), p.733-750
Main Authors: Rasmussen, Kasper Dindler, Helin, Kristian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cytosine - metabolism
Dioxygenases - genetics
Dioxygenases - metabolism
DNA Methylation - physiology
DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
Epigenesis, Genetic
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Neoplasms - enzymology
Neoplasms - genetics
Oxidation-Reduction
Proto-Oncogene Proteins - metabolism
Review
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Summary:The pattern of DNA methylation at cytosine bases in the genome is tightly linked to gene expression, and DNA methylation abnormalities are often observed in diseases. The ten eleven translocation (TET) enzymes oxidize 5-methylcytosines (5mCs) and promote locus-specific reversal of DNA methylation. TET genes, and especially TET2, are frequently mutated in various cancers, but how the TET proteins contribute to prevent the onset and maintenance of these malignancies is largely unknown. Here, we highlight recent advances in understanding the physiological function of the TET proteins and their role in regulating DNA methylation and transcription. In addition, we discuss some of the key outstanding questions in the field.
ISSN:0890-9369
1549-5477
DOI:10.1101/gad.276568.115