Modification of Ni-Rich FCG NMC and NCA Cathodes by Atomic Layer Deposition: Preventing Surface Phase Transitions for High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries

The energy density of current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on layered LiMO 2 cathodes (M = Ni, Mn, Co: NMC; M = Ni, Co, Al: NCA) needs to be improved significantly in order to compete with internal combustion engines and allow for widespread implementation of electric vehicles (EVs). In this r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2016-05, Vol.6 (1), p.26532-26532, Article 26532
Main Authors: Mohanty, Debasish, Dahlberg, Kevin, King, David M., David, Lamuel A., Sefat, Athena S., Wood, David L., Daniel, Claus, Dhar, Subhash, Mahajan, Vishal, Lee, Myongjai, Albano, Fabio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
639/4077/4079/891
Aluminum
Cathodes
Electric vehicles
ENERGY STORAGE
Energy utilization
Humanities and Social Sciences
Internal combustion engines
Lithium
multidisciplinary
Phase transitions
Science
Titanium
Titanium dioxide
Voltage
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Summary:The energy density of current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on layered LiMO 2 cathodes (M = Ni, Mn, Co: NMC; M = Ni, Co, Al: NCA) needs to be improved significantly in order to compete with internal combustion engines and allow for widespread implementation of electric vehicles (EVs). In this report, we show that atomic layer deposition (ALD) of titania (TiO 2 ) and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) on Ni-rich FCG NMC and NCA active material particles could substantially improve LIB performance and allow for increased upper cutoff voltage (UCV) during charging, which delivers significantly increased specific energy utilization. Our results show that Al 2 O 3 coating improved the NMC cycling performance by 40% and the NCA cycling performance by 34% at 1 C/−1 C with respectively 4.35 V and 4.4 V UCV in 2 Ah pouch cells. High resolution TEM/SAED structural characterization revealed that Al 2 O 3 coatings prevented surface-initiated layered-to-spinel phase transitions in coated materials which were prevalent in uncoated materials. EIS confirmed that Al 2 O 3 -coated materials had significantly lower increase in the charge transfer component of impedance during cycling. The ability to mitigate degradation mechanisms for Ni-rich NMC and NCA illustrated in this report provides insight into a method to enable the performance of high-voltage LIBs.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/srep26532