The biological significance and clinical applications of exosomes in ovarian cancer

Abstract Exosomes are nano-sized (20–100 nm) vesicles released by a variety of cells and are generated within the endosomal system or at the plasma membrane. There is emerging evidence that exosomes play a key role in intercellular communication in ovarian and other cancers. The protein and microRNA...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Gynecologic oncology 2016-07, Vol.142 (1), p.199-205
Main Authors: Dorayappan, Kalpana Deepa Priya, Wallbillich, John J, Cohn, David E, Selvendiran, Karuppaiyah
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bio-marker
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
Exosomes
Female
Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine
Humans
Hypoxia
micro RNA
MicroRNAs - genetics
Neoplasm Metastasis
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ovarian cancer
Ovarian Neoplasms - drug therapy
Ovarian Neoplasms - genetics
Ovarian Neoplasms - pathology
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Summary:Abstract Exosomes are nano-sized (20–100 nm) vesicles released by a variety of cells and are generated within the endosomal system or at the plasma membrane. There is emerging evidence that exosomes play a key role in intercellular communication in ovarian and other cancers. The protein and microRNA content of exosomes has been implicated in various intracellular processes that mediate oncogenesis, tumor spread, and drug resistance. Exosomes may prime distant tissue sites for reception of future metastases and their release can be mediated by the tumor microenvironment (e.g., hypoxia). Ovarian cancer-derived exosomes have unique features that could be leveraged for use as biomarkers to facilitate improved detection and treatment of the disease. Further, exosomes have the potential to serve as targets and/or drug delivery vehicles in the treatment of ovarian cancer. In this review we discuss the biological and clinical significance of exosomes relevant to the progression, detection, and treatment of ovarian cancer.
ISSN:0090-8258
1095-6859
DOI:10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.03.036