Signals from the Fourth Dimension Regulate Drug Relapse

Despite the enormous societal burden of alcohol and drug addiction and abundant research describing drug-induced maladaptive synaptic plasticity, there are few effective strategies for treating substance use disorders. Recent awareness that synaptic plasticity involves astroglia and the extracellula...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in neurosciences (Regular ed.) 2016-07, Vol.39 (7), p.472-485
Main Authors: Mulholland, Patrick J, Chandler, L. Judson, Kalivas, Peter W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcohol use
Animals
Cerebral Cortex - drug effects
Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology
Corpus Striatum - drug effects
Corpus Striatum - physiopathology
Drug addiction
extracellular matrix
Humans
Mental disorders
Neurology
Neuronal Plasticity - physiology
Neurons
Neurosciences
Recurrence
Substance-Related Disorders - physiopathology
Substance-Related Disorders - therapy
Synapses - physiology
synaptic plasticity
tetrapartite synapses
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Summary:Despite the enormous societal burden of alcohol and drug addiction and abundant research describing drug-induced maladaptive synaptic plasticity, there are few effective strategies for treating substance use disorders. Recent awareness that synaptic plasticity involves astroglia and the extracellular matrix is revealing new possibilities for understanding and treating addiction. We first review constitutive corticostriatal adaptations that are elicited by and shared between all abused drugs from the perspective of tetrapartite synapses, and integrate recent discoveries regarding cell type-specificity in striatal neurons. Next, we describe recent discoveries that drug-seeking is associated with transient synaptic plasticity that requires all four synaptic elements and is shared across drug classes. Finally, we prognosticate how considering tetrapartite synapses can provide new treatment strategies for addiction.
ISSN:0166-2236
1878-108X
DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2016.04.007