Metallothionein and Zinc Transporter Expression in Circulating Human Blood Cells as Biomarkers of Zinc Status: a Systematic Review

Zinc is an essential nutrient for humans; however, a sensitive biomarker to assess zinc status has not been identified. The objective of this systematic review was to compile and assess studies that determined zinc transporter and/or metallothionein expression in various blood cell types and to dete...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Md.), 2016-07, Vol.7 (4), p.735-746
Main Authors: Hennigar, Stephen R, Kelley, Alyssa M, McClung, James P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adults
biomarker
biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Carrier Proteins - blood
Cation Transport Proteins - blood
Diet
dietary mineral supplements
Dietary Supplements
dose response
erythrocytes
Humans
leukocytes
Leukocytes - metabolism
men
metallothionein
Metallothionein - blood
monocytes
Nutritional Status
Reviews
solutes
systematic review
T-lymphocytes
women
zinc
Zinc - blood
zinc status
zinc transporter
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Summary:Zinc is an essential nutrient for humans; however, a sensitive biomarker to assess zinc status has not been identified. The objective of this systematic review was to compile and assess studies that determined zinc transporter and/or metallothionein expression in various blood cell types and to determine their reliability and sensitivity to changes in dietary zinc. Sixteen studies were identified that determined the expression of zrt-, irt-like protein (ZIP) 1 [solute carrier family (SLC) 39A1], ZIP3 (SLC39A3), ZIP5 (SLC39A5), ZIP6 (SLC39A6), ZIP7 (SLC39A7), ZIP8 (SLC39A8), ZIP10 (SLC39A10), ZIP14 (SLC39A14), zinc transporter (ZnT)1 (SLC30A1), ZnT2 (SLC30A2), ZnT4 (SLC30A4), ZnT5 (SLC30A5), ZnT6 (SLC30A6), ZnT7 (SLC30A7), ZnT9 (SLC30A9), and/or metallothionein in various blood cells isolated from healthy adult men and women in response to zinc supplementation or depletion. Cell types included leukocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T lymphocytes, monocytes, and erythrocytes. ZIP1, ZnT1, and metallothionein were the most commonly measured proteins. Changes in ZIP1 and ZnT1 in response to zinc supplementation or depletion were not consistent across studies. Leukocyte metallothionein decreased with zinc depletion (−39% change from baseline,
ISSN:2161-8313
2156-5376
2156-5376
DOI:10.3945/an.116.012518