Nutritional Strategies for the Individualized Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Based on the Nutrient-Induced Insulin Output Ratio (NIOR)

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2016-07, Vol.17 (7), p.1192-1192
• Main Authors: Stachowska, Ewa, Ryterska, Karina, Maciejewska, Dominika, Banaszczak, Marcin, Milkiewicz, Piotr, Milkiewicz, Małgorzata, Gutowska, Izabela, Ossowski, Piotr, Kaczorowska, Małgorzata, Jamioł-Milc, Dominika, Sabinicz, Anna, Napierała, Małgorzata, Wądołowska, Lidia, Raszeja-Wyszomirska, Joanna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anthropometry; Diet; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fatty acids; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Insulin Resistance; Liver diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - blood; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - diet therapy; Nutrients; Nutrition; Precision Medicine; Prospective Studies
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071192

Nutrients play a fundamental role as regulators of the activity of enzymes involved in liver metabolism. In the general population, the action of nutrients may be affected by gene polymorphisms. Therefore, individualization of a diet for individuals with fatty liver seems to be a fundamental step in nutritional strategies. In this study, we tested the nutrient-induced insulin output ratio (NIOR), which is used to identify the correlation between the variants of genes and insulin resistance. We enrolled 171 patients, Caucasian men (n = 104) and women (n = 67), diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). From the pool of genes sensitive to nutrient content, we selected genes characterized by a strong response to the NIOR. The polymorphisms included Adrenergic receptor (b3AR), Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), Apolipoprotein C (Apo C III). Uncoupling Protein type I (UCP-1), Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ2 (PPAR-2) and Apolipoprotein E (APOEs). We performed three dietary interventions: a diet consistent with the results of genotyping (NIOR (+)); typical dietary recommendations for NAFLD (Cust (+)), and a diet opposite to the genotyping results (NIOR (-) and Cust (-)). We administered the diet for six months. The most beneficial changes were observed among fat-sensitive patients who were treated with the NIOR (+) diet. These changes included improvements in body mass and insulin sensitivity and normalization of blood lipids. In people sensitive to fat, the NIOR seems to be a useful tool for determining specific strategies for the treatment of NAFLD.