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Environmentally co‐occurring mercury resistance plasmids are genetically and phenotypically diverse and confer variable context‐dependent fitness effects

Plasmids are important mobile elements that can facilitate genetic exchange and local adaptation within microbial communities. We compared the sequences of four co‐occurring pQBR family environmental mercury resistance plasmids and measured their effects on competitive fitness of a Pseudomonas fluor...

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Published in:Environmental microbiology 2015-12, Vol.17 (12), p.5008-5022
Main Authors: Hall, James P.J, Harrison, Ellie, Lilley, Andrew K, Paterson, Steve, Spiers, Andrew J, Brockhurst, Michael A
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container_issue 12
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creator Hall, James P.J
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description Plasmids are important mobile elements that can facilitate genetic exchange and local adaptation within microbial communities. We compared the sequences of four co‐occurring pQBR family environmental mercury resistance plasmids and measured their effects on competitive fitness of a Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 host, which was isolated at the same field site. Fitness effects of carriage differed between plasmids and were strongly context dependent, varying with medium, plasmid status of competitor and levels of environmental mercury. The plasmids also varied widely in their rates of conjugation and segregational loss. We found that few of the plasmid‐borne accessory genes could be ascribed functions, although we identified a putative chemotaxis operon, a type IV pilus‐encoding cluster and a region encoding putative arylsulfatase enzymes, which were conserved across geographically distant isolates. One plasmid, pQBR55, conferred the ability to catabolize sucrose. Transposons, including the mercury resistance Tn5042, appeared to have been acquired by different pQBR plasmids by recombination, indicating an important role for horizontal gene transfer in the recent evolution of pQBR plasmids. Our findings demonstrate extensive genetic and phenotypic diversity among co‐occurring members of a plasmid community and suggest a role for environmental heterogeneity in the maintenance of plasmid diversity.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/1462-2920.12901
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We compared the sequences of four co‐occurring pQBR family environmental mercury resistance plasmids and measured their effects on competitive fitness of a Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 host, which was isolated at the same field site. Fitness effects of carriage differed between plasmids and were strongly context dependent, varying with medium, plasmid status of competitor and levels of environmental mercury. The plasmids also varied widely in their rates of conjugation and segregational loss. We found that few of the plasmid‐borne accessory genes could be ascribed functions, although we identified a putative chemotaxis operon, a type IV pilus‐encoding cluster and a region encoding putative arylsulfatase enzymes, which were conserved across geographically distant isolates. One plasmid, pQBR55, conferred the ability to catabolize sucrose. Transposons, including the mercury resistance Tn5042, appeared to have been acquired by different pQBR plasmids by recombination, indicating an important role for horizontal gene transfer in the recent evolution of pQBR plasmids. Our findings demonstrate extensive genetic and phenotypic diversity among co‐occurring members of a plasmid community and suggest a role for environmental heterogeneity in the maintenance of plasmid diversity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1462-2912</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1462-2920</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12901</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25969927</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Science</publisher><subject>arylsulfatase ; Arylsulfatases - genetics ; Bacteriology ; chemotaxis ; DNA Transposable Elements - genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics ; Environment ; evolution ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; horizontal gene transfer ; mercury ; Mercury - pharmacology ; microbial communities ; operon ; Operon - genetics ; phenotypic variation ; Plasmids ; Plasmids - genetics ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Pseudomonas fluorescens - drug effects ; Pseudomonas fluorescens - genetics ; Pseudomonas fluorescens - isolation &amp; purification ; Soil Microbiology ; sucrose ; Sucrose - metabolism ; transposons</subject><ispartof>Environmental microbiology, 2015-12, Vol.17 (12), p.5008-5022</ispartof><rights>2015 The Authors. 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identifier ISSN: 1462-2912
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subjects arylsulfatase
Arylsulfatases - genetics
Bacteriology
chemotaxis
DNA Transposable Elements - genetics
Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics
Environment
evolution
Gene Transfer, Horizontal
horizontal gene transfer
mercury
Mercury - pharmacology
microbial communities
operon
Operon - genetics
phenotypic variation
Plasmids
Plasmids - genetics
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas fluorescens - drug effects
Pseudomonas fluorescens - genetics
Pseudomonas fluorescens - isolation & purification
Soil Microbiology
sucrose
Sucrose - metabolism
transposons
title Environmentally co‐occurring mercury resistance plasmids are genetically and phenotypically diverse and confer variable context‐dependent fitness effects
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