Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Endothelial dysfunction is an imbalance in the production of vasodilator factors and when this balance is disrupted, it predisposes the vasculature towards pro-thrombotic and pro-atherogenic effects. This results in vasoconstriction, leukocyte adherence, platelet activation, mitogenesis, pro-oxidati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Indian journal of clinical biochemistry 2016-10, Vol.31 (4), p.372-379
Main Authors: Dhananjayan, R., Koundinya, K. S. Srivani, Malati, T., Kutala, Vijay Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atherosclerosis
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Blood clot
Chemistry/Food Science
Development and progression
Diabetes
Endothelium
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Life Sciences
Microbiology
Nitric oxide
Oxidative stress
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Physiological aspects
Review
Review Article
Sapropterin dihydrochloride
Thrombosis
Type 2 diabetes
Vasodilators
Vein & artery diseases
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Summary:Endothelial dysfunction is an imbalance in the production of vasodilator factors and when this balance is disrupted, it predisposes the vasculature towards pro-thrombotic and pro-atherogenic effects. This results in vasoconstriction, leukocyte adherence, platelet activation, mitogenesis, pro-oxidation, impaired coagulation and nitric oxide production, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Endothelial dysfunction is focussed as it is a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Under physiological conditions, there is a balanced release of endothelial-derived relaxing and contracting factors, but this delicate balance is altered in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis, thereby contributing to further progression of vascular and end-organ damage. This review focuses on endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus, markers and genetics that are implicated in endothelial dysfunction.
ISSN:0970-1915
0974-0422
DOI:10.1007/s12291-015-0516-y