Establishing Natural Nootropics: Recent Molecular Enhancement Influenced by Natural Nootropic

Nootropics or smart drugs are well-known compounds or supplements that enhance the cognitive performance. They work by increasing the mental function such as memory, creativity, motivation, and attention. Recent researches were focused on establishing a new potential nootropic derived from synthetic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine 2016-01, Vol.2016 (2016), p.1-12
Main Authors: Baharuldin, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Bin, Adenan, Mohd Ilham, Mohamad Moklas, Mohamad Aris, Mat Taib, Che Norma, Suliman, Noor Azuin, Basir, Rusliza
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Amyloid beta-protein
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Cognitive enhancement
Creative ability
Dementia
Dopamine
Memory
Review
Rodents
Smart drugs and nutrients
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Summary:Nootropics or smart drugs are well-known compounds or supplements that enhance the cognitive performance. They work by increasing the mental function such as memory, creativity, motivation, and attention. Recent researches were focused on establishing a new potential nootropic derived from synthetic and natural products. The influence of nootropic in the brain has been studied widely. The nootropic affects the brain performances through number of mechanisms or pathways, for example, dopaminergic pathway. Previous researches have reported the influence of nootropics on treating memory disorders, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases. Those disorders are observed to impair the same pathways of the nootropics. Thus, recent established nootropics are designed sensitively and effectively towards the pathways. Natural nootropics such as Ginkgo biloba have been widely studied to support the beneficial effects of the compounds. Present review is concentrated on the main pathways, namely, dopaminergic and cholinergic system, and the involvement of amyloid precursor protein and secondary messenger in improving the cognitive performance.
ISSN:1741-427X
1741-4288
DOI:10.1155/2016/4391375