T1 relaxometry of crossing fibres in the human brain

• Published in: NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Fla.), 2016-11, Vol.141, p.133-142
• Main Authors: De Santis, Silvia, Assaf, Yaniv, Jeurissen, Ben, Jones, Derek K, Roebroeck, Alard
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Brain - anatomy & histology; Brain - metabolism; Diffusion Tensor Imaging - methods; DTI; Female; Humans; Image Enhancement - methods; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods; Inversion recovery; Male; Myelin Sheath - metabolism; Myelination; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - metabolism; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; White Matter - diagnostic imaging; White Matter - metabolism
• ISSN: 1053-8119; 1095-9572
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.037

A comprehensive tract-based characterisation of white matter should include the ability to quantify myelin and axonal attributes irrespective of the complexity of fibre organisation within the voxel. Recently, a new experimental framework that combines inversion recovery and diffusion MRI, called inversion recovery diffusion tensor imaging (IR-DTI), was introduced and applied in an animal study. IR-DTI provides the ability to assign to each unique fibre population within a voxel a specific value of the longitudinal relaxation time, T1, which is a proxy for myelin content. Here, we apply the IR-DTI approach to the human brain in vivo on 7 healthy subjects for the first time. We demonstrate that the approach is able to measure differential tract properties in crossing fibre areas, reflecting the different myelination of tracts. We also show that tract-specific T1 has less inter-subject variability compared to conventional T1 in areas of crossing fibres, suggesting increased specificity to distinct fibre populations. Finally we show in simulations that changes in myelination selectively affecting one fibre bundle in crossing fibre areas can potentially be detected earlier using IR-DTI. •We apply the inversion recovery DTI approach to the human brain in vivo for the first time.•We demonstrate that IR-DTI can measure tract-specific T1 in crossing fibres.•IR-DTI T1 has less inter-subject variability compared to conventional T1 in crossing fibres.•Changes in myelination affecting one fibre in crossing fibres can be detected earlier using IR-DTI.