Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Binding in Brain of Cannabis Users: Imaging With the Novel Radiotracer [11 C]CURB

• Published in: Biological psychiatry (1969) 2016-11, Vol.80 (9), p.691-701
• Main Authors: Boileau, Isabelle, Mansouri, Esmaeil, Williams, Belinda, Le Foll, Bernard, Rusjan, Pablo, Mizrahi, Romina, Tyndale, Rachel F, Huestis, Marilyn A, Payer, Doris E, Wilson, Alan A, Houle, Sylvain, Kish, Stephen J, Tong, Junchao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: [11C]CURB; Adult; Amidohydrolases - metabolism; Amygdala - diagnostic imaging; Amygdala - metabolism; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Brain - metabolism; Cannabinoids - blood; Cannabinoids - urine; Cannabis - metabolism; Cannabis use disorder; Carbon Radioisotopes; Dronabinol - blood; Dronabinol - urine; Endocannabinoid; FAAH; Fatty acid amide hydrolase; Female; Humans; Impulsive Behavior - drug effects; Male; Marijuana Abuse - diagnostic imaging; Marijuana Abuse - enzymology; Marijuana Abuse - metabolism; Positron emission tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography - methods; Psychiatry
• ISSN: 0006-3223; 1873-2402
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.04.012

Abstract Background One of the major mechanisms for terminating the actions of the endocannabinoid anandamide is hydrolysis by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and inhibitors of the enzyme were suggested as potential treatment for human cannabis dependence. However, the status of brain FAAH in cannabis use disorder is unknown. Methods Brain FAAH binding was measured with positron emission tomography and [11 C]CURB in 22 healthy control subjects and ten chronic cannabis users during early abstinence. The FAAH genetic polymorphism (rs324420) and blood, urine, and hair levels of cannabinoids and metabolites were determined. Results In cannabis users, FAAH binding was significantly lower by 14%–20% across the brain regions examined than in matched control subjects (overall Cohen’s d = 0.96). Lower binding was negatively correlated with cannabinoid concentrations in blood and urine and was associated with higher trait impulsiveness. Conclusions Lower FAAH binding levels in the brain may be a consequence of chronic and recent cannabis exposure and could contribute to cannabis withdrawal. This effect should be considered in the development of novel treatment strategies for cannabis use disorder that target FAAH and endocannabinoids. Further studies are needed to examine possible changes in FAAH binding during prolonged cannabis abstinence and whether lower FAAH binding predates drug use.