Significance of nucleic acid testing in diagnosis and treatment of post-neurosurgical meningitis caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a case report

• Published in: Journal of medical case reports 2016-11, Vol.10 (1), p.313-313, Article 313
• Main Authors: Trung, Ngo Tat, Van Son, Trinh, Quyen, Dao Thanh, Anh, Dang Thi Viet, Sang, Vu Viet, Lam, Nguyen Xuan, Manh, Nguyen Dang, Duong, Vuong Phuc, Cuong, Bui Tri, Tuyen, Quyen Dang, Chinh, Nguyen Xuan, Hoan, Phan Quoc, Van Tong, Hoang, Meyer, Christian G, Song, Le Huu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acinetobacter baumannii - isolation & purification; Acinetobacter Infections - diagnosis; Acinetobacter Infections - drug therapy; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Case Report; Cross Infection - diagnosis; Cross Infection - drug therapy; Disease; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Male; Medical treatment; Meningitis - diagnosis; Meningitis - drug therapy; Neurosurgery; Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods; Postoperative Complications - diagnosis; Postoperative Complications - drug therapy; Postoperative Complications - microbiology
• ISSN: 1752-1947; 1752-1947
• DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-1104-3

Neurosurgery may pose the risk of patients' developing nosocomial meningitis caused by infection with hospital pathogens. Rapid detection of the causative pathogens is essential for selecting the appropriate antibiotic treatment. However, the classical culture-based detection of bacterial infection is time-consuming and often fails to establish the correct diagnosis. Molecular techniques offer improved diagnostic means to guide the proper antibiotic therapy. A 32-year-old Vietnamese man underwent neurosurgery and subsequently developed meningitis. The classical bacterial culture method failed to detect any infectious agents, whereas polymerase chain reaction-based assays identified Acinetobacter baumannii as the causative pathogen. In addition, detection of the acquired extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene VEB and carbapenem resistance genes NDM-1 and IMP suggested that the isolated A. baumannii strain was multidrug resistant. Upon the establishment of the correct diagnosis, an adequate treatment regimen was chosen and he recovered completely. This case report demonstrates the usefulness of the molecular approach as an important addendum and alternative to culture-based diagnosis in order to detect the pathogen causative for meningitis, including the indicators for resistance.