Regulation of Stomatal Defense by Air Relative Humidity

It has long been observed that environmental conditions play crucial roles in modulating immunity and disease in plants and animals. For instance, many bacterial plant disease outbreaks occur after periods of high humidity and rain. A critical step in bacterial infection is entry into the plant inte...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2016-11, Vol.172 (3), p.2021-2032
Main Authors: Panchal, Shweta, Chitrakar, Reejana, Thompson, Blaine K., Obulareddy, Nisita, Roy, Debanjana, Hambright, W. Sealy, Melotto, Maeli
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - microbiology
Arabidopsis - physiology
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Cyclopentanes - metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Humidity
Oxylipins - metabolism
Plant Stomata - cytology
Plant Stomata - physiology
Pseudomonas syringae - physiology
Salicylic Acid - metabolism
Signal Transduction - genetics
SIGNALING AND RESPONSE
Up-Regulation - genetics
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Summary:It has long been observed that environmental conditions play crucial roles in modulating immunity and disease in plants and animals. For instance, many bacterial plant disease outbreaks occur after periods of high humidity and rain. A critical step in bacterial infection is entry into the plant interior through wounds and natural openings, such as stomata, which are adjustable microscopic pores in the epidermal tissue. Several studies have shown that stomatal closure is an integral part of the plant immune response to reduce pathogen invasion. In this study, we found that high humidity can effectively compromise Pseudomonas syringae-triggered stomatal closure in both Phaseolus vulgaris and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which is accompanied by early up-regulation of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway and simultaneous down-regulation of salicylic acid (SA) pathway in guard cells. Furthermore, SA-dependent response, but not JA-dependent response, is faster in guard cells than in whole leaves, suggesting that the SA signaling in guard cells may be independent from other cell types. Thus, we conclude that high humidity, a well-known disease-promoting environmental condition, acts in part by suppressing stomatal defense and is linked to hormone signaling in guard cells.
ISSN:0032-0889
1532-2548
DOI:10.1104/pp.16.00696