Evaluation of long-lasting microbial larvicide for malaria vector control in Kenya

Outdoor malaria transmission is becoming an increasingly important problem in malaria control in Africa. Larval control is a promising intervention as it can target both indoor and outdoor biting mosquitoes. However, the currently available biolarvicide formulations have a short effective duration,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Malaria journal 2016-12, Vol.15 (1), p.577-577, Article 577
Main Authors: Afrane, Yaw A, Mweresa, Nixon G, Wanjala, Christine L, Gilbreath Iii, Thomas M, Zhou, Guofa, Lee, Ming-Chieh, Githeko, Andrew K, Yan, Guiyun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anopheles
Anopheles - microbiology
Anopheles - physiology
Bacillus - growth & development
Bacillus - metabolism
Bacterial Toxins - metabolism
Care and treatment
Control
Female
Health aspects
Kenya
Larva - microbiology
Larva - physiology
Malaria
Mosquito Control - methods
Pest Control, Biological - methods
Rain-water (Water-supply)
Survival Analysis
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Summary:Outdoor malaria transmission is becoming an increasingly important problem in malaria control in Africa. Larval control is a promising intervention as it can target both indoor and outdoor biting mosquitoes. However, the currently available biolarvicide formulations have a short effective duration, and consequently larval control incurs a high operational expense due to the requirement for frequent re-treatment of larval habitats. Formulations of biolarvicides with long-lasting effects is highly desired. A recently developed FourStar® slow-release briquet formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus was evaluated to test its efficacy on malaria vectors. The study evaluated FourStar™ briquets 180-days formulation under semi-natural and natural conditions to test their efficacy in reducing the mosquito population in western Kenya. The semi-natural habitats used the formulation dissolved in rainwater with appropriate concentrations, and second-instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae were introduced and the number of surviving larvae and pupae produced was recorded daily as the outcome. The briquets formulation was then tested in natural habitats for efficacy on pupal productivity reduction in highland and lowland sites in western Kenya. The formulation was finally tested for efficacy in reducing adult mosquito populations in randomized clusters in western Kenya highland. In semi-natural conditions, the FourStar™ briquets 180-days formulation completely inhibited mosquito pupal production in the first 3 months, and then reduced pupal productivity by 87-98% (P 
ISSN:1475-2875
1475-2875
DOI:10.1186/s12936-016-1626-6