Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Analysis of Gene Expression Regulation

Recent advancements in single-cell and single-molecule imaging technologies have resolved biological processes in time and space that are fundamental to understanding the regulation of gene expression. Observations of single-molecule events in their cellular context have revealed highly dynamic aspe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of genetics 2016-11, Vol.50 (1), p.267-291
Main Authors: Vera, Maria, Biswas, Jeetayu, Senecal, Adrien, Singer, Robert H, Park, Hye Yoon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cells
Chromatin - chemistry
Chromatin - genetics
Cytoplasm - genetics
Eukaryotes
Gene expression
Gene Expression Profiling - methods
Gene Expression Regulation
Heterogeneity
Humans
Molecules
mRNA localization
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Protein Biosynthesis
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
RNA, Messenger - analysis
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
single cell
Single-Cell Analysis - methods
single-molecule imaging
Stem Cells - physiology
transcription
Transcription factors
Transcription Factors - genetics
Transcription Factors - metabolism
Transcription, Genetic
translation
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Summary:Recent advancements in single-cell and single-molecule imaging technologies have resolved biological processes in time and space that are fundamental to understanding the regulation of gene expression. Observations of single-molecule events in their cellular context have revealed highly dynamic aspects of transcriptional and post-transcriptional control in eukaryotic cells. This approach can relate transcription with mRNA abundance and lifetimes. Another key aspect of single-cell analysis is the cell-to-cell variability among populations of cells. Definition of heterogeneity has revealed stochastic processes, determined characteristics of under-represented cell types or transitional states, and integrated cellular behaviors in the context of multicellular organisms. In this review, we discuss novel aspects of gene expression of eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms revealed by the latest advances in single-cell and single-molecule imaging technology.
ISSN:0066-4197
1545-2948
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-120215-034854