Effect of Normal Gait on In Vivo Tibiofemoral Cartilage Strains

• Published in: Journal of biomechanics 2016-09, Vol.49 (13), p.2870-2876
• Main Authors: Lad, Nimit K, Liu, Betty, Ganapathy, Pramodh K, Utturkar, Gangadhar M, Sutter, E. Grant, Moorman, Claude T, Garrett, William E, Spritzer, Charles E, DeFrate, Louis E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biomechanics; Biomedical materials; Body mass index; Cartilage; Cartilage, Articular - diagnostic imaging; Cartilage, Articular - physiology; Deformation; Female; Femur - physiology; Fitness equipment; Gait; Humans; Influence; Injuries; Joint Loading; Knee; Knee Joint - diagnostic imaging; Knee Joint - physiology; Knees; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mathematical models; Osteoarthritis; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Strain; Studies; Tibia - physiology; Walking; Weight-Bearing - physiology; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0021-9290; 1873-2380
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.06.025

Abstract Altered cartilage loading is believed to be associated with osteoarthritis development. However, there are limited data regarding the influence of normal gait, an essential daily loading activity, on cartilage strains. In this study, 8 healthy subjects with no history of knee surgery or injury underwent magnetic resonance imaging of a single knee prior to and following a 20-minute walking activity at approximately 1.1 m/s. Bone and cartilage surfaces were segmented from these images and compiled into 3-dimensional models of the tibia, femur, and associated cartilage. Thickness changes were measured across a grid of evenly spaced points spanning the models of the articular surfaces. Averaged compartmental strains and local strains were then calculated. Overall compartmental strains after the walking activity were found to be significantly different from zero in all four tibiofemoral compartments, with tibial cartilage strain being significantly larger than femoral cartilage strain. These results provide baseline data regarding the normal tibiofemoral cartilage strain response to gait. Additionally, the technique employed in this study has potential to be used as a “stress test” to understand how factors including age, weight, and injury influence tibiofemoral cartilage strain response, essential information in the development of potential treatment strategies for the prevention of osteoarthritis.