Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain

That the nervous system is the main target of lead (Pb) has long been considered an established fact until recent evidence has linked the Pb effect on the immune system to the toxic effects of Pb on the nervous system. In this paper, we present recent literature reports on the effect of Pb on the in...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2016-12, Vol.17 (12), p.2140-2140
Main Authors: Chibowska, Karina, Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena, Falkowska, Anna, Gutowska, Izabela, Goschorska, Marta, Chlubek, Dariusz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Astrocytes - immunology
Astrocytes - pathology
Brain
Brain - pathology
Caspase 1 - metabolism
Cyclooxygenase 2 - metabolism
Cytokines - metabolism
Humans
Immune system
Inflammation
Inflammation - chemically induced
Inflammation - immunology
Lead
Lead - toxicity
Mice
Microglia - immunology
Microglia - pathology
Nervous system
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism
Peptide Hydrolases - metabolism
Rats
Receptors, Purinergic - metabolism
Review
Signal Transduction - drug effects
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:That the nervous system is the main target of lead (Pb) has long been considered an established fact until recent evidence has linked the Pb effect on the immune system to the toxic effects of Pb on the nervous system. In this paper, we present recent literature reports on the effect of Pb on the inflammatory processes in the brain, particularly the expression of selected cytokines in the brain (interleukin 6, TGF-β1, interleukin 16, interleukin 18, and interleukin 10); expression and activity of enzymes participating in the inflammatory processes, such as cyclooxygenase 2, caspase 1, nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS 2) and proteases (carboxypeptidases, metalloproteinases and chymotrypsin); and the expression of purine receptors P2X4 and P2X7. A significant role in the development of inflammatory processes in the brain is also played by microglia (residual macrophages in the brain and the spinal cord), which act as the first line of defense in the central nervous system, and astrocytes-Whose most important function is to maintain homeostasis for the proper functioning of neurons. In this paper, we also present evidence that exposure to Pb may result in micro and astrogliosis by triggering TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling cascade and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms17122140