The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Huntington’s Disease: A Mini Review

• Published in: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2016-01, Vol.2016 (2016), p.1-15
• Main Authors: Akbar, Mohammed, Essa, Musthafa Mohamed, Abiramasundari, Rajagopal Selladurai, Guillemin, Gilles J., Manoharan, Shanmugam, Akbar, Mohammed D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Advertising executives; Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism; Alzheimer Disease - pathology; Alzheimer's disease; Antioxidants; Biological Products - therapeutic use; Brain research; Cell cycle; Dementia; Humans; Huntington Disease - drug therapy; Huntington Disease - metabolism; Huntington Disease - pathology; Huntingtons disease; Lipid peroxidation; Lipids; Medical research; Medicinal plants; Medicine, Botanic; Medicine, Experimental; Medicine, Herbal; Metabolism; Natural products; Neurodegeneration; Older people; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Parkinson Disease - drug therapy; Parkinson Disease - metabolism; Parkinson Disease - pathology; Parkinson's disease; Pathogenesis; Physiology; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Review; Seeds; Studies
• ISSN: 1942-0900; 1942-0994
• DOI: 10.1155/2016/8590578

Neurodegenerative diseases affect not only the life quality of aging populations, but also their life spans. All forms of neurodegenerative diseases have a massive impact on the elderly. The major threat of these brain diseases includes progressive loss of memory, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), impairments in the movement, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the inability to walk, talk, and think, Huntington’s disease (HD). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are highlighted as a central feature of brain degenerative diseases. Oxidative stress, a condition that occurs due to imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant status, has been known to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases including AD, PD, and HD. A large number of studies have utilized oxidative stress biomarkers to investigate the severity of these neurodegenerative diseases and medications are available, but these only treat the symptoms. In traditional medicine, a large number of medicinal plants have been used to treat the symptoms of these neurodegenerative diseases. Extensive studies scientifically validated the beneficial effect of natural products against neurodegenerative diseases using suitable animal models. This short review focuses the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD, PD, and HD and the protective efficacy of natural products against these diseases.