Blood Biomarkers as Outcome Measures in Inflammatory Neurologic Diseases

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Only a few biomarkers are available in MS clinical practice, such as cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands and immunoglobulin index, serum anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies, and serum anti-John Cunningham virus...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neurotherapeutics 2017-01, Vol.14 (1), p.135-147
Main Authors: El Ayoubi, Nabil K., Khoury, Samia J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers - blood
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Disease Progression
Encephalitis - blood
Encephalitis - complications
Encephalitis - diagnosis
Humans
Multiple Sclerosis - blood
Multiple Sclerosis - complications
Multiple Sclerosis - diagnosis
Neurobiology
Neurology
Neurosciences
Neurosurgery
Review
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Summary:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Only a few biomarkers are available in MS clinical practice, such as cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands and immunoglobulin index, serum anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies, and serum anti-John Cunningham virus antibodies. Thus, there is a significant unmet need for biomarkers to assess prognosis, response to therapy, or potential treatment complications. Here we describe emerging biomarkers that are in development, focusing on those from peripheral blood. There are several limitations in the process of discovery and validation of a good biomarker, such as the pathophysiological complexity of MS and the technical difficulties in globally standardizing methods for sampling, processing, and conserving biological specimens. In spite of these limitations, ongoing international collaborations allow the exploration of many interesting molecules and markers to validate diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic-response biomarkers.
ISSN:1933-7213
1878-7479
1878-7479
DOI:10.1007/s13311-016-0486-7