Cerebral ischemic damage in diabetes: an inflammatory perspective

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. A strong inflammatory response characterized by activation and release of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and proteolytic enzymes contributes to brain damage following stroke. Stroke outcomes are worse among diabetics, resulting in i...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neuroinflammation 2017-01, Vol.14 (1), p.21-21, Article 21
Main Authors: Shukla, Vibha, Shakya, Akhalesh Kumar, Perez-Pinzon, Miguel A, Dave, Kunjan R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Brain - metabolism
Brain damage
Cerebral ischemia
Cytokines - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus - physiopathology
Diabetics
Encephalitis - etiology
Health aspects
Humans
Inflammation
Review
Stroke - complications
Stroke - pathology
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. A strong inflammatory response characterized by activation and release of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and proteolytic enzymes contributes to brain damage following stroke. Stroke outcomes are worse among diabetics, resulting in increased mortality and disabilities. Diabetes involves chronic inflammation manifested by reactive oxygen species generation, expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and activation/expression of other inflammatory mediators. It appears that increased proinflammatory processes due to diabetes are further accelerated after cerebral ischemia, leading to increased ischemic damage. Hypoglycemia is an intrinsic side effect owing to glucose-lowering therapy in diabetics, and is known to induce proinflammatory changes as well as exacerbate cerebral damage in experimental stroke. Here, we present a review of available literature on the contribution of neuroinflammation to increased cerebral ischemic damage in diabetics. We also describe the role of hypoglycemia in neuroinflammation and cerebral ischemic damage in diabetics. Understanding the role of neuroinflammatory mechanisms in worsening stroke outcome in diabetics may help limit ischemic brain injury and improve clinical outcomes.
ISSN:1742-2094
1742-2094
DOI:10.1186/s12974-016-0774-5