T‐cell metabolism governing activation, proliferation and differentiation; a modular view

Summary T lymphocytes are a critical component of the adaptive immune system mediating protection against infection and malignancy, but also implicated in many immune pathologies. Upon recognition of specific antigens T cells clonally expand, traffic to inflamed sites and acquire effector functions,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunology 2017-01, Vol.150 (1), p.35-44
Main Authors: Dimeloe, Sarah, Burgener, Anne‐Valérie, Grählert, Jasmin, Hess, Christoph
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
cell activation
Cell Differentiation
Cell Proliferation
Humans
Infection - immunology
inflammation
Lymphocyte Activation
Metabolism
Models, Immunological
Neoplasms - immunology
Review
T cell receptors
T cells
T-Lymphocytes - physiology
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Summary:Summary T lymphocytes are a critical component of the adaptive immune system mediating protection against infection and malignancy, but also implicated in many immune pathologies. Upon recognition of specific antigens T cells clonally expand, traffic to inflamed sites and acquire effector functions, such as the capacity to kill infected and malignantly transformed cells and secrete cytokines to coordinate the immune response. These processes have significant bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands, which are met by dynamic changes in T‐cell metabolism, specifically increases in glucose uptake and metabolism; mitochondrial function; amino acid uptake, and cholesterol and lipid synthesis. These metabolic changes are coordinate by key cellular kinases and transcription factors. Dysregulated T‐cell metabolism is associated with impaired immunity in chronic infection and cancer and conversely with excessive T‐cell activity in autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies. Here we review the key aspects of T‐cell metabolism relevant to their immune function, and discuss evidence for the potential to therapeutically modulate T‐cell metabolism in disease. Cellular metabolism underpins T‐cell differentiation and function. This review highlights key aspects of T‐cell metabolism relevant to their immune function in a modular manner, and discusses evidence for the potential to therapeutically target T‐cell metabolism in disease.
ISSN:0019-2805
1365-2567
DOI:10.1111/imm.12655