Role of exosomes in the protection of cellular homeostasis

Due to their ability to shuttle proteins, lipids and genetic material between distant cells, exosomes promote extensive phenotypic changes in recipient cells, modulating immune responses, cellular migration, cancer metastasis or the spreading of neurotoxic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative dis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell adhesion & migration 2017-03, Vol.11 (2), p.127-134
Main Authors: Desdín-Micó, Gabriela, Mittelbrunn, María
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
aging
Animals
autophagy
Cytoprotection
endosomes
Endosomes - metabolism
exosomes
Exosomes - metabolism
extracellular vesicles
Homeostasis
Humans
inflammation
lysosome
Lysosomes - metabolism
Models, Biological
multivesicular bodies
proteostasis
Review
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Summary:Due to their ability to shuttle proteins, lipids and genetic material between distant cells, exosomes promote extensive phenotypic changes in recipient cells, modulating immune responses, cellular migration, cancer metastasis or the spreading of neurotoxic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Besides intercellular communication, exosome biogenesis and secretion permit the rapid release of a selective repertoire of compounds, conferring cells with an additional mechanism to fight alterations in protein, lipid or RNA homeostasis during stress or pathological conditions. Here, we review the dual role of the different quality control mechanisms arising from the endolysosomal system and the diverse situations that control the decision between degradation or secretion. The crosstalk between exosome secretion and the different cellular degradation mechanisms confers an additional layer of protection to maintain cellular integrity and homeostasis in a number of physiological and pathological conditions.
ISSN:1933-6918
1933-6926
DOI:10.1080/19336918.2016.1251000